低リスクヒトパピローマウイルス6型および11型のコドン使用バイアス
Jiani Yang1,2, Liangeng Liu1,2, Shunyou Jing3
1Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yancheng TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Yancheng, China.
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
|December 27, 2025
まとめ
低リスクヒトパピローマウイルス(HPV)であるHPV-6およびHPV-11は、A/U末端コドンを優先する明確なコドン使用パターンを示す。これらのパターンは突然変異ではなく自然選択によって駆動され、ウイルスの持続に影響を与える。
科学分野:
- ウイルス学; 分子進化; バイオインフォマティクス
背景:
- 低リスクヒトパピローマウイルス(HPV)、特にHPV-6およびHPV-11は、世界的にかなりの良性疾患負担を引き起こしている。; 高リスクHPV型とのゲノム類似性にもかかわらず、それらのコドン使用パターンはほとんど特徴づけられていない。
研究 の 目的:
- HPV-6およびHPV-11における同義コドン使用パターンの体系的な解明。; これらのパターンの形成に関わる進化的な力と、宿主適応およびウイルス持続への影響の調査。
主な方法:
- NCBI GenBankデータベースからの214のHPV-6および100のHPV-11ゲノムの解析。; コドン選好、3番目のコドン位置でのGC含量、および相対的な二核酸配列存在量のゲノム解析。; 進化的な力を決定するための、Parity Rule 2、ENCプロット、および中立性プロットを含む多角的な解析。; 有効コドン数(ENC)および相対コドン非最適化指数(RCDI)の計算。
主要な成果:
- HPV-6およびHPV-11は、A/U末端の同義コドン(85%超)と、3番目のコドン位置での低いGC含量(35%未満)を強く好む。; ApA、CpG、UpCの過少表現とCpA、UpGの二核酸配列の過剰表現が観察され、コドン選択が形成された。; 自然選択は突然変異圧に対する優位な進化力として特定され、全体的なコドンバイアスは限定的であった(ENC >49)。; ウイルスのコドン選好とヒトtRNA量の間の戦略的な不一致により、RCDI値が2近くになり、中程度の宿主適応が示唆された。
結論:
- HPV-6およびHPV-11における同義コドン使用は、A/U末端コドンと特定の二核酸配列組成を好む自然選択によって形成される。; 観察されたコドン使用パターンは、翻訳効率と免疫回避および持続とのバランスをとる可能性のある、ヒト宿主への適度な適応を示唆する。; これらの発見は、低リスクHPVの分子進化に関する洞察を提供し、性器いぼや再発性呼吸器乳頭腫症のワクチンを含む、コドン最適化された治療戦略の開発に役立つ。
関連する概念動画
Leaky Scanning
5.6K
During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA. Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
5.6K
Initiation of Translation
38.2K
Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
38.2K
Non-LTR Retrotransposons
13.1K
As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
13.1K
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs
17.8K
A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
17.8K
Mismatch Repair
6.2K
Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
6.2K
Viral Mutations
39.5K
A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
39.5K


