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Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Characterization of Membrane Transporters by Heterologous Expression in E. coli and Production of Membrane Vesicles

Characterization of Membrane Transporters by Heterologous Expression in E. coli and Production of Membrane Vesicles

Published on: December 31, 2019

植物の雄性生殖発達における糖輸送体とその必須の役割

Shuangshuang Liu¹, Fan Zhang¹, Wennuo Li¹

¹Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China; Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Beijing, 100083, China.

Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB

|December 28, 2025

Abstract:

Plant male reproduction, particularly anther and pollen development, is a metabolically active process that relies heavily on efficient sugar transport and utilization. Sugar transporters (STs) are crucial in mediating sugar distribution from sources such as mature leaves to sinks like anthers and pollen. Disruptions in ST-mediated sugar allocation often lead to male sterility or reduced male fertility, highlighting their vital role in plant male reproduction. This review systematically summarizes the classification, functions, and regulatory mechanisms of STs involved in various stages of male reproduction in Arabidopsis and rice. Additionally, based on the phylogenetic analysis combined with anther RNA-seq expression data, 11 ST genes showing anther-specific or high anther expression are identified as promising candidates linked to male fertility in maize. These findings enhance our understanding of the critical roles of STs in plant male reproduction and offer valuable genetic resources for studying the mechanisms of STs related to maize male fertility, supporting crop hybrid breeding and male sterility-based seed production.

キーワード:

葯/花粉の発達作物育種雄性不稔調節機構糖輸送体

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A Flexible Low Cost Hydroponic System for Assessing Plant Responses to Small Molecules in Sterile Conditions

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An Induction System for Clustered Stomata by Sugar Solution Immersion Treatment in Arabidopsis thaliana Seedlings

An Induction System for Clustered Stomata by Sugar Solution Immersion Treatment in Arabidopsis thaliana Seedlings

Published on: February 15, 2019

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Phloem and Sugar Transport

Phloem and Sugar Transport

Like many living organisms, plants have tissues that specialize in specific plant functions. For example, shoots are well adapted to rapid growth, while roots are structured to acquire resources efficiently. However, sugar production is primarily restricted to the photosynthetic cells that reside in the leaves of angiosperm plants. Sugar and other resources are transported from photosynthetic tissues to other specialized tissues by a process called translocation.

Glucose Transporters

Glucose Transporters

Glucose transporters facilitate the transport of glucose across the cell membrane. In addition to glucose, some glucose transporters can also aid the movement of other hexoses such as fructose, mannose, and galactose.
Facilitated diffusion-glucose transporters (GLUTs) are encoded by the solute-linked carrier (SLC) family 2, subfamily A gene family, or SLC2A. The 14 GLUT protein members are distributed into three classes:

Short-distance Transport of Resources

Short-distance Transport of Resources

Short-distance transport refers to transport that occurs over a distance of just 2-3 cells, crossing the plasma membrane in the process. Small uncharged molecules, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water, can diffuse across the plasma membrane on their own. In contrast, ions and larger molecules require the assistance of transport proteins due to their charge or size. Transport across membranes also occurs within individual cells, playing a variety of essential roles for the plant as a whole.

Pollination and Flower Structure

Pollination and Flower Structure

Flowers are the reproductive, seed-producing structures of angiosperms. Typically, flowers consist of sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels. Sepals and petals are the vegetative flower organs. Stamens and carpels are the reproductive organs.

Xylem and Transpiration-driven Transport of Resources

Xylem and Transpiration-driven Transport of Resources

The xylem of vascular plants distributes water and dissolved minerals that are taken up by the roots to the rest of the plant. The cells that transport xylem sap are dead upon maturity, and the movement of xylem sap is a passive process.

Morphogenesis

Morphogenesis

Plant morphogenesis—the development of a plant’s form and structure—involves several overlapping developmental processes, including growth and cell differentiation. Precursor cells differentiate into specific cell types, which are organized into the tissues and organ systems that make up the functional plant.