主要な泌尿器科手術後における術後せん妄の発生率および周術期リスク因子

Vesna Jovanovic1,2, Sandra Sipetic Grujicic2,3, Natasa Petrovic1,2

  • 1Center for Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Pasterova 2 St., 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.

PubMed

背景術後せん妄(POD)は、高齢患者における最も一般的な外科的合併症の一つです。本研究では、泌尿器科手術後のPODの発生率および周術期のリスク因子について調査しました。方法2024年5月から2025年3月までに全身麻酔下で予定主要泌尿器科手術を受けた50歳以上の男性患者計162名を、本前向き観察研究に組み入れた。せん妄の評価は、術後5日間にわたりCAM-ICUを用いて1日2回実施した。せん妄を発症した群と発症しなかった群を比較し、周術期のせん妄予測因子を分析した。PODの独立したリスク因子を特定するために、多変量回帰分析を用いた。結果全体として、追跡期間中に患者の16%にせん妄が発症しました。PODを発症した患者は、有意に高齢でした(平均年齢 73.3 ± 5.2 歳 vs. 66.3 ± 7.2 歳、p< 0.001)であり、併存疾患が多く、地方在住であった。特に心房細動とCOPDが有意であった。PODの発生率は、非飲酒者よりも軽度から中程度の飲酒習慣がある患者で高かった。術中因子の解析では、術中低血圧の有無および輸血の有無において、群間に有意な差が認められた。せん妄を呈した患者は、術後疼痛がより重度であった。ROC曲線を用いて、年齢(≥67.5歳)、併存疾患数(≥2)、術前MMSEスコア(≤25.5)、および術後NRSスコア(≥4.85)の最適なカットオフ値を決定した。多変量解析の結果、本コホートにおける独立したリスク因子として、67.5歳以上の年齢、COPD、軽度から中程度の飲酒習慣、25.5以下の術前MMSEスコア、術中低血圧、および4.85以上の術後NRSスコアが特定された。結論上述のリスク因子のいくつかは改善可能であるため、PODの予防が可能であり、高齢患者における治療の優先事項の一つとすべきであることを強調する必要がある。

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