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Defense Mechanism Against Infection01:26

Defense Mechanism Against Infection

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Natural flora, body system defenses, and inflammation are natural barriers of the body against infectious agents regardless of previous exposure. Normal floras of the human body refer to the microbial population that colonizes the skin and mucous membranes.
In addition, many body organ systems have unique defenses against infection. The skin is an intact, multilayered surface preventing invasion by microorganisms unless impaired. Mucous membranes lining the mouth, nose, and eyelids are barriers...
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Transcytosis of IgG01:15

Transcytosis of IgG

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Transcytosis is the process in which molecules are internalized by endocytosis, transported across the cell, and released through exocytosis from the opposite end of the cell. Molecules such as insulin, immunoglobulins, and certain nutrients are transferred through the recycling endosomes by recycling and transcytosis.
IgG molecules from a mother undergo transcytosis starting around 13 weeks of gestation. The amount of IgG transferred and entering the fetal blood circulation increases with...
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Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

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The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
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Bacterial Flora of the Large Intestine01:29

Bacterial Flora of the Large Intestine

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The gut microbiome is formed by a vast and diverse community of bacteria that colonizes our large intestine. These bacteria start residing in the gut from birth and continue diversifying throughout life, influenced by factors such as diet, lifestyle, and stress. The gut bacterial community also includes bacteria from food and those that enter the colon through the anus.
The normal gut flora of the colon plays a critical role in generating essential vitamins such as vitamins K, B5, and B7.
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Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
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Bacterial Phylum Bacteroidota01:26

Bacterial Phylum Bacteroidota

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The phylum Bacteroidota includes over 700 species classified into four primary orders: Bacteroidales, Cytophagales, Flavobacteriales, and Sphingobacteriales. These gram-negative, non-sporulating rods exhibit saccharolytic capabilities and can be aerobic or fermentative, encompassing obligate aerobes, facultative aerobes, and obligate anaerobes. Many species display gliding motility, though some are nonmotile or use flagella. The genus Bacteroides is well-studied due to its significant role in...
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Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Chronic Salmonella Infection Induced Intestinal Fibrosis
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Bacteroides fragilis colonization induces protective systemic IgA

Joshua R Harris1, Nicole Gubitosi1, Victoria Zoccoli-Rodriguez1

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 766 Irving Avenue, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.

Microbiome
|December 30, 2025
PubMed
まとめ

Robust intestinal colonization with Bacteroides fragilis (Bf) induces systemic IgA responses. This requires Peyer's patches and protects against bacterial dissemination and abscess formation.

キーワード:
Bacteroides fragilisIgAPeyer's patchessystemic immunitybacterial dissemination

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Protective Efficacy and Pulmonary Immune Response Following Subcutaneous and Intranasal BCG Administration in Mice
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Induction of Intestinal Inflammation by Adoptive Transfer of CBir1 TCR Transgenic CD4+ T Cells to Immunodeficient Mice
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科学分野:

  • 免疫学; 微生物学; 消化器病学

背景:

  • 全身性IgA応答は、疾患予防に不可欠である。; Bacteroides fragilis (Bf) は粘膜IgAの既知の誘導因子であるが、全身性誘導因子はあまり理解されていない。

研究 の 目的:

  • 共生細菌による全身性IgA誘導のメカニズムを調査すること。; 全身性IgA応答における腸内定着と宿主因子の役割を決定すること。

主な方法:

  • マウスにおけるBfの腸内定着の誘導。; Bf特異的な血清IgAレベルの評価。; Peyer'sパッチまたは盲腸パッチを持たないマウスにおけるIgA応答の分析。; 腸穿孔モデルにおける細菌拡散に対する保護の評価。

主要な成果:

  • Bfの活発な腸内定着は、Bf特異的な高レベルの血清IgAに必要である。; Peyer'sパッチは、盲腸パッチではないが、Bf特異的なIgA応答に不可欠である。; Bfの定着は、宿腸の転写プロファイルに最小限の変化しか誘導しなかった。; Bf特異的な高レベルの血清IgAは、細菌拡散のモデルにおいて膿瘍形成から保護した。

結論:

  • 細菌定着とPeyer'sパッチとの相互作用は、全身性IgA応答を誘導するために不可欠である。; Bf特異的な高レベルの血清IgAは、細菌拡散および膿瘍形成から保護する。