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関連する概念動画

Electrical Power01:07

Electrical Power

Electric power is the product of current and voltage, represented in units of joules per second, or watts. For example, cars often have one or more auxiliary power outlets with which you can charge a cell phone or other electronic devices. These outlets may be rated at 20 amps and 12 volts, so that the circuit can deliver a maximum power of 240 watts. Consider a 25 Watt bulb and a 60 Watt bulb. The conversion of electrical energy produces heat and light, while the kinetic energy lost by the...
Faraday Disk Dynamo01:23

Faraday Disk Dynamo

A Faraday disk dynamo is a DC generator, producing an emf that is constant in time. It consists of a conducting disk that rotates with a constant angular velocity in the magnetic field, perpendicular to the disk's plane. The rotation of the disk causes a change in magnetic flux, which induces an emf, causing opposite charges to develop on the rim and in the center of the disk. The polarity of the induced emf can be determined by the direction of the magnetic field and the direction of the...
Energy Losses in Transformers01:21

Energy Losses in Transformers

In an ideal transformer, it is assumed that there are no energy losses, and, hence, all the power at the primary winding is transferred to the secondary winding. However, in reality,  the transformers always have some energy losses, and, hence, the output power obtained at the secondary winding is less than the input power at the primary winding due to energy losses.
There are four main reasons for energy losses in transformers.
The first cause can be  the high resistance of the copper windings...
Equivalent Circuits for Practical Transformers01:28

Equivalent Circuits for Practical Transformers

The practical equivalent circuits of single-phase two-winding transformers exhibit significant deviations from their idealized versions due to the inherent properties of winding resistance and finite core permeability. These properties result in real and reactive power losses, affecting the transformer's performance. Understanding these deviations is crucial for designing more efficient transformers.
In a practical transformer, each winding exhibits resistance and leakage reactance. The winding...
Secondary Distribution01:25

Secondary Distribution

Secondary distribution systems provide electrical energy at the utilization voltage levels from distribution transformers to customer meters. Typical secondary voltages in the United States include 120/240 V for residential use, 208Y/120 V for residential and commercial use, and 480Y/277 V for industrial and high-rise commercial use.
In residential areas, 120/240 V single-phase, three-wire service is commonly used for lighting, outlets, and large appliances. Urban areas with high-density loads...
Transformers in Distribution System01:27

Transformers in Distribution System

Transformers in distribution systems can be broadly categorized into distribution substation transformers and other distribution transformers. They are crucial for stepping down high transmission voltages to levels suitable for distribution and end-user applications.
Distribution substation transformers come in various ratings and typically use mineral oil for insulation and cooling. To prevent moisture and air from entering the oil, some transformers use an inert gas like nitrogen to fill the...

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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Synthesis of Non-uniformly Pr-doped SrTiO3 Ceramics and Their Thermoelectric Properties
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バリウムチタン酸塩における転位による焦電性の増強

Hanyu Gong1, Yan Zhang1, Edoardo Zatterin2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, China.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|December 30, 2025
PubMed
まとめ

転位を用いた機械的ドーピングは、熱検知およびエネルギーハーベスティング用の焦電材料を大幅に強化します。この新しいアプローチは、ドメイン壁の動きを増幅し、焦電係数を38倍に向上させます。

キーワード:
転位強誘電単結晶塑性変形焦電性

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Spark Plasma Sintering Apparatus Used for the Formation of Strontium Titanate Bicrystals
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Chemical Synthesis of Porous Barium Titanate Thin Film and Thermal Stabilization of Ferroelectric Phase by Porosity-Induced Strain
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Synthesis of Non-uniformly Pr-doped SrTiO3 Ceramics and Their Thermoelectric Properties
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科学分野:

  • 材料科学
  • 物性物理学

背景:

  • 焦電材料は、熱検知およびエネルギーハーベスティングに不可欠であり、焦電係数が重要な指標となります。
  • 格子欠陥は焦電特性を強化しますが、移動可能な強誘電ドメイン壁の役割は十分に探求されていません。

研究 の 目的:

  • バリウムチタン酸塩（BaTiO3）単結晶における焦電応答を強化するための転位ベースの機械的ドーピングを調査すること。
  • 焦電性に対するドメイン壁運動の外的寄与を探求すること。

主な方法:

  • 異方性の転位ネットワークを作成するための高温塑性変形。
  • 構造解析のためのシンクロトロン走査X線回折顕微鏡および透過型電子顕微鏡。
  • 根本的なメカニズムを理解するためのマルチスケール位相場シミュレーション。

主要な成果:

  • 異方性の転位ネットワークは、局所的な応力と熱効果を誘発し、ドメイン壁の動きを増幅します。
  • 転位とドメイン壁の結合は、分極の温度感度を高め、ドメインスイッチングを加速します。
  • 焦電係数は最大600 nC cm⁻² K⁻¹を超え、38倍の増加を達成しました。

結論:

  • 転位工学は、ドメイン壁を介した焦電機能強化のための新しい経路を提供します。
  • この戦略は焦電性能を大幅に向上させ、高度な熱デバイスへの道を開きます。