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Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Visualization of Intensity Levels to Reduce the Gap Between Self-Reported and Directly Measured Physical Activity

Visualization of Intensity Levels to Reduce the Gap Between Self-Reported and Directly Measured Physical Activity

Published on: March 7, 2019

大気汚染関連の認知機能低下を相殺する身体活動：CHARLSに基づく後ろ向きコホート研究

Zhi Yu¹, Zhefu Jiang¹, Yifan Feng²

¹School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.

The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences

|December 30, 2025

要旨

Background:

This study examined whether physical activity (PA) buffers air-pollution-related cognitive decline in middle-aged and older adults, quantified the dose-response relationship, and derived pollution-specific PA recommendations.

Methods:

Data came from five waves (2011-2020) of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), including 12,196 adults aged ≥45 years. Ambient pollutants were estimated using a high-resolution satellite-based model. Linear mixed-effects models assessed main and interactive effects of PM2.5, PA, and PA × PM2.5 on cognition, stratified by socioeconomic status (SES) and residential setting. Isotemporal substitution and generalized additive models evaluated risk-benefit trade-offs and non-linearities. PA prescriptions were calculated using (PM2.5-25) × 1.316, with values ≤0 set to 0.

Results:

Higher PM2.5 exposure predicted poorer cognition (β = -0.0146, p < 0.001). PA buffered this effect (interaction β = 0.0344, p = 0.001), consistent across SES and residence. Among PM2.5 constituents, sulfate (β = -0.0136) and black carbon (β = -0.1059) were harmful. Vigorous PA neutralized the BC effect, while light-to-moderate PA offset the sulfate effect. Isotemporal substitution showed that 13.16 min/day of PA offset the cognitive impact of a 10 µg/m³ increase in PM2.5. Region-specific estimates required 10.92 min/day in Beijing and 4.01 in Shanghai, while Guangdong and Fujian required none.

Conclusions:

Sulfate and BC are key drivers of PM2.5-related cognitive decline. Roughly 13 min of daily PA neutralizes the effect of each 10 µg/m³ PM2.5 rise. Light-to-moderate PA is preferable in sulfate-dominated areas, while vigorous PA is more effective in BC-dominated regions.

キーワード:

大気汚染認知健康の公平性中年および高齢者身体活動

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