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富裕層の相続をめぐる競争が、文化集団淘汰ではなく、一夫一婦制の進化を促進する
Gabriel Šaffa1,2, Adrian V Jaeggi3, Jan Zrzavý1
1Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Bohemia, České Budějovice 370 05, Czechia.
まとめ
一夫一婦制
科学分野:
- 人類学
- 社会学
- 進化生物学
背景:
- 複雑な社会では、富の不平等が高いことがよくありますが、一夫一婦制が増加し、一夫多妻制が減少しています。
- 既存の理論は、生殖の不平等の減少と協力の強化、または富に基づく紛争の緩和のいずれかにこの変化を起因としています。
- これらの理論は、しばしばインド・ヨーロッパの歴史的文脈の影響を受けていますが、一夫一婦制は世界的に観察されています。
研究 の 目的:
- 一夫一婦制の台頭を説明する競合する仮説を評価すること。
- 一夫一婦制が集団間競争または遺伝可能な富の競争によって推進されているかどうかをテストすること。
- インド・ヨーロッパ社会を超えて一夫一婦制の世界的な普及と推進要因を調査すること。
主な方法:
- 競合する仮説の因果構造を形式化しました。
- ベイズの階層的階層モデルを適用しました。
- 186の社会の世界的なサンプルを分析しました。
主要な成果:
- 一夫一婦制は、土地の私有化と土地不足の指標と強く相関しています。
- 証拠は、世界的な一夫一婦制の遺伝可能な富の競争モデルを支持しています。
- 集団間競争モデルは、異なる社会全体で一貫性のない支持を示しています。
結論:
- 遺伝可能な富をめぐる競争は、世界中の一夫一婦制の重要な推進要因です。
- 一夫一婦制は、同様の社会生態学的条件下で、複数の独立して進化した可能性が高いです。
- インド・ヨーロッパの歴史的経緯のみに基づく説明では、世界の一夫一婦制のパターンを説明するには不十分です。
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