節足動物における独立した陸上化イベントに関連する並列ゲノム再構築
Lisandra Benítez-Álvarez1, Vanina Tonzo1, Leandro Aristide1
1Metazoa Phylogenomics & Genome Evolution Lab, Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-UPF), Barcelona, Spain.
Molecular ecology
|December 31, 2025
まとめ
節足動物は、並列ゲノム変化を通じて独立して陸上に進出した。ストレス応答、輸送、発達に関わる主要な遺伝子は、異なる陸上化グループ間で同様の進化パターンを示す。
科学分野:
- 進化生物学
- ゲノミクス
- 比較ゲノム系統解析
背景:
- 水生環境から陸上環境への繰り返し遷移(陸上化)は、重要な進化イベントである。
- 陸上化のゲノム基盤は完全には理解されていない。
- 節足動物は、複数の独立した陸上化イベントを持つモデルシステムを提供する。
研究 の 目的:
- 節足動物の陸上適応を駆動する並列ゲノム変化を調査する。
- 独立した陸上化イベントにわたる共通のゲノム戦略を特定する。
- 陸上環境への適応の分子基盤を明らかにする。
主な方法:
- 309種の節足動物の門全体にわたる比較ゲノム系統解析。
- 遺伝子ファミリーの進化ダイナミクス(拡大/縮小)の分析。
- オルソグループの方向性選択解析と機能的濃縮。
主要な成果:
- 主要な陸上節足動物系統(クモ綱、ムカデ綱、六脚綱)にわたる数千のオルソグループで並列的な進化ダイナミクスが示された。
- ストレス応答、輸送、代謝、外骨格、脱皮における機能的収束が観察された。
- アクアポリン、溶質キャリア、熱ショックタンパク質などの主要遺伝子で並列進化が確認された。
結論:
- 遺伝子の保存された「陸上化ツールキット」が、節足動物による陸上の独立した植民化を支えている。
- 発達および免疫経路の並列ゲノム再構築が、陸上環境の課題への適応を促進した。
- 比較ゲノミクスは、進化の時間スケールを超えた生態学的遷移に対する共通の分子解決策を明らかにする。
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