精神疾患における腸内細菌叢を介した神経炎症:現在の展望と課題
Anushka Nayak1, Suranjana Bera1, Samprikta Purohit1
1Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector-62, NOIDA, Uttar Pradesh, India, 201309.
Behavioural brain research
|December 31, 2025
まとめ
腸内細菌叢は脳の健康と精神疾患に影響を与える。マイクロバイオームを標的とした介入は、神経炎症の管理とメンタルヘルス治療の改善に有望である。
科学分野:
- 神経科学
- 微生物学
- 精神医学
背景:
- 精神疾患は、複雑な診断とバイオマーカーの欠如により、世界的な健康問題となっています。
- 現在の治療法には限界と副作用があり、新規の治療戦略が必要とされています。
- 腸脳相関(GBA)と腸内細菌叢(GM)は、脳の健康にとって重要であることがますます認識されています。
研究 の 目的:
- 腸内細菌叢と精神疾患における神経炎症を結びつけるメカニズムをレビューすること。
- 現在および今後のマイクロバイオームを標的とした介入を評価すること。
- 臨床実装における限界と将来の方向性について議論すること。
主な方法:
- 腸内細菌叢と精神疾患に関する前臨床および臨床研究の文献レビュー。
- ディスバイオーシス、血液脳関門の完全性、神経炎症が関与するメカニズムの分析。
- 食事、プロバイオティクス、次世代プロバイオティクス(NGP)、糞便微生物移植(FMT)を含む介入の評価。
主要な成果:
- ディスバイオーシスは血液脳関門を破壊し、免疫シグナル伝達を変化させ、代謝産物の産生に影響を与え、神経炎症に寄与する可能性があります。
- 腸内細菌叢組成の変化は、うつ病、不安症、統合失調症、双極性障害(BD)、自閉スペクトラム症(ASD)と関連しています。
- 様々なマイクロバイオームを標的とした介入が、様々な証拠レベルで検討されています。
結論:
- 腸内細菌叢は、精神疾患の根底にある神経炎症プロセスにおいて重要な役割を果たしています。
- マイクロバイオームを標的とした戦略は、補完的または代替的な治療法として可能性を提供します。
- 臨床での使用のために、因果関係を確立し、翻訳上の限界を克服するためには、さらなる研究が必要です。
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