大量殺人犯における攻撃前の危機的兆候:危害なし、単一危害、二重危害群の違い
Diego A Díaz-Faes1, Sonali Rajan2, Charles C Branas1
1Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States of America.
Journal of affective disorders
|December 31, 2025
まとめ
大量殺人犯は様々な危機的兆候を示し、一部は自傷および他者加害の既往歴を持つ。これらの明確なプロファイルを特定することが、大量暴力に対する標的予防戦略の開発の鍵となる。
科学分野:
- 心理学
- 犯罪学
- 公衆衛生
背景:
- 大量暴力の加害者は、攻撃前にしばしば精神的苦痛を示す。
- 以前の研究では、自傷および他者加害歴と有害な転帰との関連が示されていた。
- 危機的兆候の枠組みは、大量殺人犯には適用されていなかった。
研究 の 目的:
- 米国の大量殺人犯における危機的兆候を調査すること。
- 危機的兆候に基づいて加害者を明確なプロファイルに分類すること。
- リスク特定のための危害ベースの枠組みの有用性を評価すること。
主な方法:
- The Violence Project Databaseから、米国の大量殺人犯197人(1966-2023年)のデータを分析した。
- 参加者を危害なし、単一危害、二重危害群に分類した。
- 9つの攻撃前危機的兆候について潜在クラス分析(LCA)を実施した。
主要な成果:
- 3分の1の加害者は自殺歴があり、半数以上が他者を傷つけ、20.3%が二重危害であった。
- 潜在クラス分析(LCA)により、うつ病/興奮状態、危機なし、精神病症状、感情不安定/攻撃的の4つのクラスが特定された。
- 二重危害群は、「感情不安定で攻撃的」クラスに過大代表されていた。
結論:
- 大量殺人犯は多様な危機的兆候を示し、明確なプロファイルに分類できる。
- 危害ベースの枠組み(危害なし、単一危害、二重危害)は、急性リスクの特定に役立つ可能性がある。
- 多くの個人に見られる特定可能な危機的兆候は、標的を絞った予防戦略の必要性を強調している。
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