脳卒中患者の自宅型歩行介入:スコーピングレビュー
Brianne Darcy1, Kyle B Reed2, Stacy J M Bamberg3
1Department of Health, Human Function, and Rehabilitation Sciences, George Washington University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC.
Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translation
|January 1, 2026
まとめ
自宅型歩行介入は、脳卒中生存者に対する世界的な関心を示しており、テクノロジーを含む多様な方法が含まれている。歩行改善に最も効果的な自宅リハビリテーション戦略を確認するには、さらなる研究が必要である。
科学分野:
- 神経リハビリテーション、理学療法、脳卒中回復
背景:
- 脳卒中は歩行に著しい影響を与え、効果的なリハビリテーション戦略が必要である。自宅型介入は、継続的な回復とアクセシビリティの向上に有望な道を提供する。自宅型歩行リハビリテーションにおける現在の研究動向をマッピングすることは、脳卒中ケアを進歩させる上で極めて重要である。
研究 の 目的:
- 脳卒中後の成人を対象とした自宅型歩行介入の方法論と転帰を体系的にレビューし、マッピングすること。現在の文献で一般的なアプローチ、テクノロジー、報告されている有効性を特定すること。自宅型脳卒中歩行リハビリテーション研究におけるギャップと将来の方向性を明らかにすること。
主な方法:
- 2015年から2025年までの主要なデータベース(PubMed、CINAHL、Cochrane、Scopus、Web of Science)を対象とした包括的な文献検索。独立したレビュー担当者による2段階の適格性スクリーニング(タイトル/抄録、全文)。研究特性、参加者の人口統計、介入の詳細、転帰に関するデータ抽出と正確性のための相互チェック。
主要な成果:
- 脳卒中患者3008人を対象とした62件の研究が対象となり、22カ国で実施された。自宅型リハビリテーションは、研究の61%で単独治療として利用された。テクノロジー統合型プログラム(34%)と家庭用デバイス(19%)が目立ち、多様な歩行介入が報告された。研究の60%以上が歩行転帰の有意な改善を報告した。
結論:
- 自宅型歩行リハビリテーションは、世界的に成長している研究分野である。この分野は、異質なエビデンスと技術革新への強い傾向を特徴としている。新たな治療法は、最適な介入を確立するために、より大規模な研究でさらなる厳密な調査を必要とする。
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