構文がステレオタイプを促進する方法:語用論的推論の役割の評価
Kevin J Holmes1, Sarah H Wu2, Nan Elpers2,3
1Department of Psychology, Reed College, 3203 Woodstock Blvd, Portland, OR, 97202, USA. kjholmes@reed.edu.
Psychonomic bulletin & review
|January 6, 2026
まとめ
数学能力に関するもののような言語的フレーミング効果は非合理的ではない。それらは言語における語用論的推論から生じ、コミュニケーションがいかに社会的信念を形成するかを示す。
科学分野:
- 認知心理学
- 社会心理学
- 言語学
背景:
- 言語的フレーミングは社会的信念に影響を与え、伝統的な見解ではこれを非合理的な認知的バイアスに起因すると考えている。
- 主語-補語構文はフレーミング効果を生み出す可能性があり、その場合、補語グループが基準点となる。
研究 の 目的:
- 主語-補語構文からのフレーミング効果が語用論的推論能力に依存するかどうかを調査すること。
- 個人が言語構造から語用論的な意味を推論できるかどうかを判断すること。
主な方法:
- 1,593人の参加者による2つの事前登録された実験。
- 主語-補語構文からの含意を推論する参加者の能力を評価した。
- 社会認知能力を制御し、明示的な認識がある場合のフレーミング効果の減少を分析した。
主要な成果:
- 含意を推論する能力が高いほど、フレーミング効果が強く相関した。
- この関係は、異なる社会的グループにわたって持続し、他の語用論的スキルを制御した。
- 参加者が影響を認識し、明示的にステレオタイプを割引いた場合、フレーミング効果は減少した。
結論:
- 主語-補語フレーミング効果を理解する上で、語用論的推論が鍵となる。
- 個人は推論された意味を自動的に受け入れるわけではないため、ある程度の合理的な処理が示唆される。
- フレーミング効果は、非合理的なバイアスだけでなく、人間のコミュニケーションの自然な結果である。
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