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Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

Published on: January 7, 2019

固形がんにおける免疫チェックポイント阻害剤およびオンコウイルスの有効性

Hiba Mechahougui¹, Léna Royston², Catia Vieira Gomes²

¹University Hospital of Geneva Geneva Switzerland.

Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research

|January 6, 2026

Abstract:

Viral infections are estimated to contribute to 12-20 % of all cancers worldwide, with virus-driven malignancies disproportionately affecting low- and middle-income countries while metabolic and non-viral factors predominate in high-income regions. Key oncogenic viruses that cause solid tumors include high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV/HHV-8), and Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV). Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer therapy by boosting immune responses against tumors. While viral infection-associated tumors often exhibit "hot" immune profiles, clinical outcomes with ICIs remain inconsistent. Some studies report improved survival in virus-associated cancers, whereas others indicate no clear benefit, which might reflect high variability in tumor microenvironments and immune responses. In this review, we aim to explore the direct and indirect contribution of different viruses to carcinogenesis in solid tumors, with a particular focus on immunotherapy effectiveness based on infection status.

キーワード:

オンコウイルス免疫チェックポイント阻害剤固形がんウイルス関連がんがん免疫療法

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