地球規模の変化が感染症疫学に与える影響

Global change -including biodiversity loss, land-use alterations and climate change- is reshaping the epidemiology of infectious diseases. These factors facilitate the emergence of new pathogens, interspecies transmission, and the geographical expansion of vectors and reservoirs. Vector-borne diseases such as dengue, malaria and West Nile fever are increasing in both incidence and distribution. Similarly, water- and food-borne diseases (e.g. salmonellosis, cholera) are becoming more frequent, driven by extreme weather events, poor water and sanitation infrastructure, and changes in aquatic ecosystems. In Europe and Spain, autochthonous outbreaks and the re-emergence of previously controlled diseases have been documented. The "One Health" and "Planetary Health" approaches -integrating human, animal and environmental health- are essential, alongside stronger epidemiological surveillance and the adaptation of health systems to this evolving scenario.