構造化による液体操作：全次元にわたる生物学的制御

Directional liquid manipulation underpins critical processes across nature and engineering, where targeted functionality demands precise control over fluid behaviour. While fundamental theories for liquid manipulation are well-established, optimizing control along application-specific minimal-path trajectories remains a significant challenge. This review discusses recent advances in bioinspired strategies and engineered manipulators enabling superior liquid directional control across dimensional frameworks: 1D trajectories for targeted delivery, 2D planes for complex transport, and 3D spaces for programmable interfaces. Drawing on nature's energy-efficient principles, from Laplace pressure gradients to capillary effects, we decode evolutionary-optimized liquid manipulation mechanisms and their translation into dimension-specific artificial systems. These manipulators achieve precise liquid guidance through simplified asymmetric architectures, enhancing liquid utilization efficiency. Finally, we outline design paradigms for next-generation on-demand liquid control systems, bridging interfacial phenomena with microfluidic, thermal, and environmental technologies.