海洋酵母における単細胞性と多細胞性の間の遺伝的切り替え

Gakuho Kurita¹, Kyoka A Adachi¹, Kazuma Uesaka²

¹Sugashima Marine Biological Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Toba, Japan.

Nature

|January 7, 2026

まとめ

研究者達は栄養素に基づいた単細胞と多細胞の間の交替を発見しましたこれは進化の重要な特徴である表現型の可塑性に関する遺伝的・細胞的戦略を明らかにしている.

科学分野:

進化生物学
菌類学
遺伝学

背景:

単細胞生物から多細胞生物への移行は進化の大きな出来事です
生物が単細胞状態と多細胞状態の間で切り替えることができる選択的なクローン多細胞性は,中間的な進化段階を表す可能性があります.
このスイッチを制御する遺伝的・細胞的なメカニズムはほとんど不明です

研究の目的:

黒酵母における栄養に反応する任意のクローン多細胞性の遺伝的および細胞的基礎を特定する.
単細胞と多細胞の成長の間の移行を調節する分子機構を理解する.
選択的多細胞性に影響を与える生態学的要因を探求する.

主な方法:

Hortaea werneckiiの遺伝子消去の遺伝子分析により,表型の変化を観察した.
状態転換に関与するMybタンパク質を含む重要な調節遺伝子の特定.
スポンジ関連酵母とスポンジ調合媒体の効果に関する生態学的研究.

主要な成果:

H. werneckiiの10の特定の遺伝子の削除は,安定した単細胞または多細胞のフェノタイプをもたらした.
これらの遺伝子のうち6つは,多細胞性の協力性を示唆する,糸状菌のコンディエーションの調節体である.
Mybタンパク質はスイッチとして作用し,その発現と分解は栄養素の利用可能性に左右され,単細胞/多細胞状態を制御する.
Myb遺伝子は,関連する種であるNeodothiora pruniの選択的多細胞性には不可欠ではありません.
H. werneckiiの多細胞性は,スポンジに関連する環境によって誘発される.

結論:

この研究は,選択的なクローン多細胞性を研究するためのモデルシステムを確立しています.
多細胞性を獲得し,失い,回復するための遺伝的および細胞的戦略を特定した.
種間のフェノタイプの可塑性を調節する分子多様性を強調する.

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