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Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses02:45

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The circadian—or biological—clock is an intrinsic, timekeeping, molecular mechanism that allows plants to coordinate physiological activities over 24-hour cycles called circadian rhythms. Photoperiodism is a collective term for the biological responses of plants to variations in the relative lengths of dark and light periods. The period of light-exposure is called the photoperiod.
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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
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In order to produce glucose, plants need to capture sufficient light energy. Many modern plants have evolved leaves specialized for light acquisition. Leaves can be only millimeters in width or tens of meters wide, depending on the environment. Due to competition for sunlight, evolution has driven the evolution of increasingly larger leaves and taller plants, to avoid shading by their neighbors with contaminant elaboration of root architecture and mechanisms to transport water and nutrients.
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There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
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Light plays a significant role in regulating the growth and development of plants. In addition to providing energy for photosynthesis, light provides other important cues to regulate a range of developmental and physiological responses in plants.
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The setting time of cement refers to the process of cement paste transitioning from a plastic state to a solid state. This process is crucial in construction as it dictates the timeframe for concrete placement, compaction, and finishing. The onset of this solidification is termed the initial set, indicating when the paste becomes unworkable. The final set is when the paste has solidified completely, and further handling or manipulation can no longer affect its shape. The cement strength is...
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Updated: Jan 13, 2026

In Vivo Monitoring of Circadian Clock Gene Expression in the Mouse Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Using Fluorescence Reporters
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ipRGCプロパティは,昼間にSCNクロックのシフトを防止します.

Ruchi Komal1, Corinne Beier2, Amurta Nath3

  • 1Section on Light and Circadian Rhythms, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA. ruchi.komal@nih.gov.

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|January 7, 2026
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まとめ

科学者達は 昼間に脳の昼間時計を 変えられないのは 本質的に光に敏感な網膜のギャングリア細胞 (ipRGCs) の 発射制限によるものだと発見しました これらの細胞を活性化すると 昼間シフトが起こり 昼間リズムに関する 新たな洞察が得られます

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Rapid Analysis of Circadian Phenotypes in Arabidopsis Protoplasts Transfected with a Luminescent Clock Reporter
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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jan 13, 2026

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科学分野:

  • 神経科学
  • クロノバイオロジー
  • 細胞生理学

背景:

  • 上神経核 (SCN) は中心的な循環器である.
  • 本質的に光敏感な網膜のギャングリア細胞 (ipRGCs) は,SCNへの唯一の光入力源である.
  • 光は主に夜間にSCN時計をシフトし,昼間のシフトを誘導することは困難です.

研究 の 目的:

  • SCNにおける昼間の昼間時計のシフトを制限するメカニズムを調査する.
  • SCNのクロック・フェーズシフトの調節におけるipRGCの発火特性の役割を探求する.
  • ipRGCのアクティベーションが SCNの昼間クロックシフトを誘発できるかどうかを判断する.

主な方法:

  • マウスにおけるipRGCsの化学的活性化
  • 紫色の光に晒されると ipRGCsが活性化します
  • SCNのクロック・フェーズ・シフトの分析

主要な成果:

  • ipRGCの活性化により,昼間の SCNクロック相変化が成功しました.
  • 昼間シフトを誘導できないのは,部分的にipRGC発射を制限するデポラライゼーションブロックによる.
  • 昼間のシフトは 夜間のシフトと比べて 異なる神経回路と神経ペプチドを必要とします

結論:

  • ipRGCにおける脱極化ブロックは,昼間の昼間時計のシフトを制限し,夜間シフトに影響する.
  • ipRGCは,日経周期を通して統合されたペースメーカーとして機能し,発射特性がSCN応答を微調整します.
  • ipRGCの機能を理解することで 昼夜リズムを操作する新たな道が開けます