神経上皮質回路は,感覚の収束と腸の免疫を促進する

Wen Zhang^1,2,3,4,5, Elizabeth R Emanuel^1,2,3,4,5,6, Hiroshi Yano^1,2,3,4,5

¹Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.

Nature

|January 7, 2026

まとめ

痛みを感知するニューロン (TRPV1+) と上皮のタフト細胞は免疫と組織修復に不可欠な2型炎症を誘発する. この神経上皮回路は障壁表面での免疫反応を制御します

科学分野:

免疫学
神経科学
細胞生物学

背景:

2型炎症は免疫,アレルギー反応,組織修復に不可欠です.
皮質細胞と神経細胞は環境のトリガーを感知し免疫反応を調節します
2型炎症における上皮細胞,神経細胞,免疫細胞からの感覚インプットの調整は完全に理解されていません.

研究の目的:

2型炎症における上皮細胞と神経細胞の信号の調整における TRPV1+ 痛みを感知する神経受容体の役割を調査する.
タイプ2の免疫反応を誘発し,調節するために感覚インプットが統合されるメカニズムを解明する.

主な方法:

TRPV1+ノシセプターの化学静止と化学アブレーション
空間トランスクリプトミアと単細胞RNAシーケンシング
タフト細胞集団と免疫反応の分析 in vivo

主要な成果:

TRPV1+ノシセプターは2型炎症を誘発するために上皮のタフト細胞を共用します.
TRPV1+ノシセプターの異常は,タフト細胞を減少させ,アンチヘルミントの免疫を低下させます.
TRPV1+ nociceptorsの活性化により,タフト細胞の蓄積と保護免疫が強化されます.
ノシセプターの活性化は,上皮原細胞の増殖と分化を刺激する.
CGRP受容体のシグナル伝達は,上皮細胞とタフト細胞において,タイプ2の免疫に不可欠である.

結論:

TRPV1+受容体とCGRPシグナル伝達を含む神経上皮細胞回路は,2型免疫の重要な上流調節器である.
この回路内の感覚の収束が組織の適応と障壁表面での免疫反応を決定する.
この研究は感覚情報を統合して免疫反応を制御する新しいメカニズムを明らかにしています

さらに関連する動画

07:23

Innervation of Human Intestinal Organoids

Published on: January 17, 2025

1.1K

08:22

Co-Culture of Murine Small Intestine Epithelial Organoids with Innate Lymphoid Cells

Published on: March 23, 2022

6.4K

関連する概念動画

01:23

Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells

3.1K

The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the...

3.1K

01:22

Role of Ephrin-Eph Signalling in Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal

2.6K

Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma receptor (Eph) and its ligand, Eph receptor-interacting protein (Ephrin) were first discovered in the human carcinoma cell line, hence the name. Ephrin-Eph interaction guides cells to reach their appropriate location in adult tissues. They also play an essential role in the immune system by helping in immune cell migration, adhesion, and activation. Based on their structure and function, Eph is divided into two classes — EphA and EphB.

2.6K

01:37

Neural Regulation

43.1K

Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.

43.1K

01:12

Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal

2.4K

Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
Direct cell-to-cell contact is needed for the activation of Notch signaling. The signal is initiated when a notch ligand binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, also...

2.4K

01:05

Physiology of Enteric Nervous System and Gut Health

856

The gastrointestinal tract, responsible for the digestion and absorption of nutrients, is safeguarded by the intestinal barrier, which consists of secretory, physical, and immune components. At the forefront is the secretory barrier, composed of essential elements such as mucus, gut microbiota, and defense proteins. They collaborate to break down food particles, facilitate nutrient absorption, and maintain optimal gut health. These secretory components ensure the smooth functioning of the...

856

01:27

Nerve Supply of the GI Tract

3.3K

The neuronal supply to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is essential for regulating various functions, including digestion, absorption, and movement of food. This intricate network of nerves is known as the enteric nervous system (ENS), often referred to as the "second brain" of the body.
The enteric nervous system consists of two major plexuses: the myenteric plexus (Auerbach's plexus) and the submucosal plexus (Meissner's plexus). These plexuses are located within the layers of...