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周術期麻酔管理における損傷関連分子パターン:臨床的視点
Wiriya Maisat1, Koichi Yuki2,3
1Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
Anesthesia research
|January 8, 2026
まとめ
損傷関連分子パターン(DAMPs)は、手術中の無菌性炎症および臓器障害のシグナルとなる。麻酔および周術期管理によるDAMPs放出の調節は、患者転帰の改善につながる可能性がある。
科学分野:
- 免疫学; 麻酔科学; 集中治療医学
背景:
- 損傷関連分子パターン(DAMPs)は、細胞ストレスまたは損傷中に放出される内因性分子である。手術外傷や虚血再灌流障害などの周術期の誘因はDAMPsを放出し、自然免疫受容体(TLRs、RAGE)を活性化する。DAMPsは炎症カスケードを開始し、内皮機能障害、凝固不均衡、および全身性臓器障害につながる。
研究 の 目的:
- 周術期の無菌性炎症およびそれに続く臓器障害におけるDAMPsの中心的な役割を強調すること。周術期管理戦略および麻酔薬がDAMPs媒介性炎症にどのように影響するかを検討すること。バイオマーカーおよび治療標的としてのDAMPsの将来の研究の方向性を示唆すること。
主な方法:
- 周術期設定におけるDAMPsに関する既存の文献のレビュー。無菌性炎症および臓器障害の誘発におけるDAMPsの役割の分析。DAMPs媒介性炎症応答に対する麻酔薬の影響の評価。
主要な成果:
- DAMPsは、急性肺/腎障害および神経認知障害を含む周術期合併症に大きく寄与する。プロポフォールやデクスメデトミジンなどの麻酔薬は抗炎症作用を持つ可能性がある一方、揮発性麻酔薬の影響は様々である。保護換気や制限的な輸血によるDAMPs放出の最小化は、現在の理解によって支持されている。
結論:
- 周術期臓器障害は、DAMPsによる内因性危険信号のシグナル伝達の結果と見なすことができる。麻酔の選択および周術期管理戦略は、全身性炎症および患者の回復を著しく調節する可能性がある。バイオマーカーおよび治療標的としてのDAMPsのさらなる検証研究は、周術期転帰の改善のための精密麻酔戦略を可能にする可能性がある。
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