非線形な関連性と閾値効果:都市環境要因と統合失調症発症率の関係性 - 健康的な都市計画への示唆
Jian Song1, Peng Li1, Jun Cheng2
1Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
SSM - population health
|January 8, 2026
まとめ
都市環境は、複雑な非線形関係を通じて統合失調症の発症率に大きく影響する。都市計画は、人口密度や緑地へのアクセスなどの要因を考慮することでリスクを軽減できる。
科学分野:
- 環境疫学
- 都市計画と公衆衛生
- 精神疾患の空間分析
背景:
- 都市環境は、公衆衛生介入のための重要で変更可能な要因である。
- 統合失調症発症率に対する都市環境の非線形および閾値効果の理解は、メンタルヘルスにとって重要であるが、限定的である。
- 統合失調症の発症率は、環境決定要因の影響を受けた複雑な空間パターンを示す。
研究 の 目的:
- 都市環境要因と統合失調症発症率との時空間的関連性を調査すること。
- 統合失調症リスクに対する都市要因の非線形関係、閾値、および交互作用効果を特定すること。
- メンタルヘルスを促進する都市計画戦略のためのエビデンスに基づいたガイダンスを提供すること。
主な方法:
- 中国重度精神疾患登録システムからの町レベルの統合失調症発症率データ(2019-2023年)の分析。
- マルチソース地理データを使用した都市環境要因の導出。
- 空間分析および関連モデリングのためのOrdinary Least Squares(OLS)、Geographically Weighted Regression(GWR)、およびSHAP値を用いた解釈可能なXGBoostモデルの適用。
主要な成果:
- 統合失調症の発症率の有意な空間的クラスタリング(Moran's I = 0.47, P < 0.001)、平均年間発症率は10万人あたり13.46人。
- SHAP-XGBoostモデルは、OLSおよびGWRよりも優れた性能を示し、主要な予測因子として人口密度、NDVI、水域からの距離、道路接続性、水域面積を強調した。
- 人口密度に関するU字型の関係性(リスク閾値は約15,000人/km²)や、要因間の有意な交互作用効果を含む、複雑な非線形関連性が観察された。
結論:
- 都市環境は、統計的に頑健な証拠によって支持される、統合失調症発症率との有意な非線形関連性を示す。
- 特定された閾値と交互作用効果は、標的を絞った都市計画介入のための実行可能な洞察を提供する。
- 本研究は、メンタルウェルビーイングを促進し、統合失調症のリスクを低減するための、より健康的な都市環境を開発するための基盤を提供する。
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