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Randomized Experiments

Randomized Experiments

The randomization process involves assigning study participants randomly to experimental or control groups based on their probability of being equally assigned. Randomization is meant to eliminate selection bias and balance known and unknown confounding factors so that the control group is similar to the treatment group as much as possible. A computer program and a random number generator can be used to assign participants to groups in a way that minimizes bias.
Simple randomization
Simple...

Bioequivalence Experimental Study Designs: Completely Randomized and Randomized Block Designs

Bioequivalence Experimental Study Designs: Completely Randomized and Randomized Block Designs

Body:Bioequivalence experimental study designs are crucial methodologies used in evaluating and comparing the bioavailability of different drug products. These designs are categorized into various types: completely randomized, randomized block, repeated measures, cross and carry-over, and Latin square designs.Completely randomized designs involve randomly allocating treatments to all subjects participating in the experiment. This allocation is achieved by assigning unique random numbers to...

Blind Procedures

Blind Procedures

Ideally, the people who observe and record the children’s behavior are unaware of who was assigned to the experimental or control group, in order to control for experimenter bias. Experimenter bias refers to the possibility that a researcher’s expectations might skew the results of the study. Remember, conducting an experiment requires a lot of planning, and the people involved in the research project have a vested interest in supporting their hypotheses. If the observers knew which...

Group Design

Group Design

The most basic experimental design involves two groups: the experimental group and the control group. The two groups are designed to be the same except for one difference— experimental manipulation. The experimental group gets the experimental manipulation—that is, the treatment or variable being tested—and the control group does not. Since experimental manipulation is the only difference between the experimental and control groups, we can be sure that any differences between...

Blinding

Blinding

Blinding is a commonly used method of not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving. Blinding is a critical part of a randomized control trial or RCT. It reduces the bias that affects the results. In an RCT, blinding is used in the form of a placebo. A placebo effect occurs when untreated subjects falsely believe they have received the treatment and report improved symptoms. A placebo or a dummy treatment is administered to subjects to negate the bias caused by such an effect.

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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Using Practice Testing, Public Speaking, and Source Monitoring to Examine the Influences of Learning Strategies and Stress on Episodic Memory

Using Practice Testing, Public Speaking, and Source Monitoring to Examine the Influences of Learning Strategies and Stress on Episodic Memory

Published on: June 14, 2019

仮想患者を用いた異なる想起練習戦略の比較：層別化無作為化試験

Renan Gianotto-Oliveira^1,2, Naomi Steenhof³, Dario Cecilio-Fernandes^1,4

¹School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.

Medical teacher

|January 8, 2026

まとめ

短答問題（SAQ）は、仮想患者（VP）シミュレーションにおける医学部生の長期的な知識保持を統計的に有意に改善した。VP症例と多肢選択問題（MCQ）を用いた想起練習は知識を維持し、SAQが最も効果的に学習を強化することを示唆している。

キーワード:

想起練習多肢選択問題知識保持短答問題仮想シミュレーション

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Last Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Using Practice Testing, Public Speaking, and Source Monitoring to Examine the Influences of Learning Strategies and Stress on Episodic Memory

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科学分野:

医学教育
認知科学
シミュレーションベース学習

背景:

効果的な想起練習戦略は、医学教育における長期的な知識保持に不可欠である。
仮想患者（VP）シミュレーションプラットフォームは、医学トレーニングと評価のための動的な環境を提供する。

研究の目的:

3つの想起練習戦略（VP症例の再解決、多肢選択問題（MCQ）への回答、短答問題（SAQ）への回答）が、医学部生の長期記憶保持に及ぼす効果を比較すること。
VPシミュレーションプラットフォーム内でのこれらの戦略の影響を評価すること。

主な方法:

80名の5年生医学部生が層別化無作為化試験に参加した。
学生はVP症例に取り組み、1週間後に3つの想起練習条件（症例の再解決、MCQ、またはSAQ）のいずれかに従事した。
介入後6週間で、包括的なテストを使用して長期的な知識保持と学習転移を評価した。

主要な成果:

短答問題（SAQ）を使用した参加者は、時間の経過とともに統計的に有意なパフォーマンスの向上を示した。
仮想患者症例の再解決と多肢選択問題（MCQ）への回答は、知識レベルの維持につながった。
反復問題と新規問題のパフォーマンス、またはMCQとSAQのパフォーマンスの間には、有意な差は見られなかった。

結論:

想起練習、特にSAQによるものは、VPシミュレーションにおける知識保持を効果的にサポートする。
新規問題における同等のパフォーマンスは、想起練習が新しい臨床シナリオへの学習転移を強化する可能性を示唆している。