Two Phytophthora effectors mitigate plant immunity by manipulating intracellular pH through interaction with V-ATPase...

科学分野:

• Plant pathology; Molecular plant-microbe interactions; Oomycete biology

背景:

• Plant vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) is vital for endomembrane function and stress responses.
• The role of VHA-C subunit in effector-triggered immunity is largely unknown.
• Phytophthora infestans employs RxLR effectors to manipulate host processes.

研究 の 目的:

• To investigate the function of VHA-C in effector-triggered immunity against P. infestans.
• To elucidate the mechanisms by which P. infestans effectors AL3 and Avr2 target VHA-C and influence host immunity.
• To identify plant immune receptors that recognize these effectors.

主な方法:

• Investigated the sequential action of P. infestans RxLR effectors AL3 and Avr2.
• Analyzed the targeting of host VHA-C (StATP6V1C1) and StBSL1 by these effectors.
• Monitored changes in V-ATPase activity and intracellular pH.
• Identified plant NLRs (R2 and Rpi-mcq1) guarding StATP6V1C1 and StBSLs.

主要な成果:

• AL3 increases V-ATPase activity and cytoplasmic acidification by promoting StATP6V1C1 assembly.
• Avr2 inhibits StATP6V1C1 phosphorylation, reducing V-ATPase activity and causing alkalinization.
• pH shifts facilitate effector interaction with susceptibility factors, promoting disease.
• Plants evolved NLRs R2 and Rpi-mcq1 to detect effectors and mitigate late blight.

結論:

• P. infestans manipulates V-ATPase and intracellular pH for effector-triggered susceptibility (ETS).
• Plant NLRs R2 and Rpi-mcq1 provide effector-triggered immunity (ETI) by guarding key host targets.
• Intracellular pH homeostasis is a critical battleground in plant-oomycete interactions.