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ICUにおけるAI支援精密栄養管理:ナラティブレビューと実装ロードマップ
George Briassoulis1, Efrossini Briassouli2
1Postgraduate Program "Emergency and Intensive Care in Children, Adolescents and Young Adults", School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece.
Nutrients
|January 10, 2026
まとめ
人工知能(AI)は、エネルギーとタンパク質の供給を最適化することにより、集中治療室(ICU)の栄養管理を個別化することができます。課題には、データの質と倫理的配慮が含まれますが、AIは患者転帰の改善の可能性を提供します。
科学分野:
- クリティカルケア医学
- 生物医学情報学
- 栄養科学
背景:
- 人工知能(AI)は、個別化ケアとリアルタイム分析により集中治療室(ICU)を変革しています。
- ICU転帰にとって重要な栄養療法は、しばしば遅延し、個別化を欠いています。
研究 の 目的:
- ICU栄養における現在および今後のAI応用をレビューすること。
- クリティカルケア栄養におけるAIの臨床的可能性、実装障壁、および倫理的考慮事項を強調すること。
主な方法:
- 2018年1月から2025年11月までの英語文献のナラティブレビュー。
- PubMed/MEDLINE、Scopus、Web of Science、Google Scholarでの検索および引用追跡。
- 栄養最適化のための機械学習(ML)、深層学習(DL)、自然言語処理(NLP)、および強化学習(RL)に焦点を当てました。
主要な成果:
- AIモデルは栄養必要量を正確に推定し、経腸栄養(EN)および静脈栄養(PN)を最適化できます。
- AIは胃腸不耐症および代謝合併症を予測し、リアルタイムでの治療適応を可能にします。
- 強化学習(RL)およびマルチオミクス統合は、縦断的データ分析を通じて精密栄養を促進します。
結論:
- 高品質のデータ、監督、および臨床医の教育は、ICU栄養におけるAI実装に不可欠です。
- AIは人間の専門知識を強化し、より安全で的を絞った栄養供給につながります。
- 成功するAI導入には、透明性、公平性、ワークフロー統合を優先することが重要です。
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