閉塞性睡眠時無呼吸を伴うMASLDにおける持続陽圧呼吸の肝転帰改善効果:システマティックレビュー
Theja V Channapragada1, Clinton R Brenner2, Keven Guruswamy3
1Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
Journal of clinical medicine
|January 10, 2026
まとめ
閉塞性睡眠時無呼吸(OSA)を伴う代謝機能障害関連脂肪性肝疾患(MASLD)患者に対する持続陽圧呼吸(CPAP)の有益性は限定的であり、肝酵素および代謝マーカーのわずかな改善が見られるものの、脂肪症や線維症に対する効果はない。
科学分野:
- 肝臓学
- 睡眠医学
- 代謝性疾患
背景:
- 代謝機能障害関連脂肪性肝疾患(MASLD)は閉塞性睡眠時無呼吸(OSA)と頻繁に併存する。
- 重複する代謝リスク因子がMASLDとOSAの高い併存疾患に寄与している。
- OSAを伴うMASLD患者における肝転帰に対する持続陽圧呼吸(CPAP)の影響は十分に確立されていない。
研究 の 目的:
- MASLD患者におけるOSA治療の肝および代謝転帰に対する効果を系統的にレビューすること。
- MASLDおよび関連代謝パラメータの管理におけるCPAPおよびその他の介入の有効性を評価すること。
主な方法:
- ランダム化比較試験(RCT)および観察研究の系統的レビュー。
- MASLDおよびOSAを有する成人に関する研究を対象にPubMed、Web of Science、CINAHLを検索。
- 肝硬度、脂肪含有量、酵素、線維症、HbA1c、脂質、身体測定値、およびバイアスのリスクを評価した。
主要な成果:
- 8件の研究(RCT 3件、観察研究 5件)、1006人の参加者が含まれた。CPAPは肝酵素(ALT、AST)のわずかで一貫性のない低下、HbA1cおよびトリグリセリドのわずかな改善を示した。肝硬度、脂肪症、線維症、または身体組成における有意な改善は研究全体で観察されなかった。
結論:
- CPAPは、OSAを伴うMASLD患者の肝酵素および特定の代謝マーカーに対してわずかな利益をもたらす可能性がある。
- 肝脂肪症、線維症、または身体組成の改善を支持するCPAPの有効性に関するエビデンスは限定的である。
- エビデンスの確実性が低いため、MASLD管理におけるCPAPの役割を明確にするためには、質の高い縦断的研究が必要である。
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