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関連する概念動画

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

255
Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
255
Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care01:20

Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care

290
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) requires a collaborative healthcare approach to restore renal function and prevent complications. Essential management strategies involve monitoring fluid and electrolyte balance, adjusting medications, initiating dialysis when necessary, and providing nutritional support.Fluid and Electrolyte ManagementFluid Monitoring: Regularly monitoring body weight, central venous pressure, and urine output helps detect fluid imbalances early. Patient intake and output are...
290
Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

869
Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
869
Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction01:22

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction

554
Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
554
Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations

802
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...
802
Acute Kidney Injury VI: Nursing Management01:22

Acute Kidney Injury VI: Nursing Management

376
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) results in an inability to maintain fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance. Effective nursing management is critical in improving patient outcomes and includes comprehensive patient assessment and targeted interventions.Comprehensive Patient AssessmentA detailed history collection is essential, focusing on any recent infections, nephrotoxic medication use, or chronic conditions such as hypertension and diabetes that may contribute to AKI. During the physical...
376

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小児の多尿を伴う急性腎障害：システマティックレビュー

Giulio Rivetti1, Mariantonia Braile1, Anna Di Sessa1

  • 1Department of Woman, Child and of General and Specialized Surgery, Università Degli Studi Della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Luigi De Crecchio 2, 80138 Naples, Italy.

Journal of clinical medicine
|January 10, 2026
PubMed
まとめ

急性腎障害（AKI）は、特に糖尿病性ケトアシドーシス（DKA）やその他の病状において、小児の多尿として現れることがあります。このレビューは、小児のAKIと多尿の提示に関する所見を統合したものです。

キーワード:
AKI急性腎障害小児診断小児多尿

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科学分野:

  • 小児腎臓病学
  • 集中治療医学
  • 内分泌学

背景:

  • 小児における急性腎障害（AKI）と多尿は、診断と管理の課題をもたらします。
  • AKIと多尿の間の相互作用を理解することは、小児患者のケアにとって非常に重要です。

研究 の 目的:

  • 多尿を経験している小児におけるAKIの提示を系統的にレビューおよび統合すること。
  • 小児集団におけるAKIと多尿の併存に関連する根本的な状態を特定すること。

主な方法:

  • Embase、PubMed、Scopusデータベースを横断する系統的文献検索。
  • 小児AKIと多尿に焦点を当てた研究および症例報告の包含。
  • 選択された出版物の方法論的品質評価。

主要な成果:

  • 32人の小児患者（平均年齢11.02歳）のデータが分析されました。
  • 多尿は26人の患者に見られ、糖尿病性ケトアシドーシス（DKA）が最も一般的な関連疾患でした（19例）。
  • 多尿がありデータが利用可能な20人の患者のうち、9人（45％）がAKIを発症し、数人はKDIGOステージ3に達しました。

結論:

  • 多尿は、小児におけるAKIの病態生理の不可欠な部分である可能性があります。
  • DKAのような代謝性疾患、バーター症候群のような腎臓病学的な状態、神経芽腫を含む腫瘍学的な症例において、多尿と重度のAKI（KDIGOステージ≥2）との関連が観察されました。