胃癌の術前化学療法:進化するアプローチと支持的エビデンス
Young Jae Kim1, Hyung-Don Kim2, Jaewon Hyung1
1Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Journal of gastric cancer
|January 10, 2026
まとめ
術前および周術期療法、免疫チェックポイント阻害薬を含むものは、局所進行胃癌に有望である。患者のアウトカムを改善するには、バイオマーカーによる治療の個別化が鍵となる。
科学分野:
- 腫瘍学;消化器病学
背景:
- 術前および周術期療法は、局所進行胃癌(LAGC)にとってますます重要になっている。PRODIGYおよびRESOLVEのような第III相試験は、アジアにおける術前化学療法を支持している。MATTERHORN試験は、免疫チェックポイント阻害薬(ICIs)を周術期治療に導入した。
研究 の 目的:
- 局所進行胃癌(LAGC)の主要な周術期試験をレビューする。ICIsおよび標的療法の進化する役割を強調する。周術期治療戦略における重要な考慮事項に対処する。
主な方法:
- 主要な第III相試験(PRODIGY、RESOLVE、MATTERHORN)のレビュー。アジアの集団における化学療法レジメン(フルオロウラシル、ロイコボリン、オキサリプラチン、ドセタキセル)の分析。新たな標的療法および免疫チェックポイント阻害薬の検討。
主要な成果:
- 術前化学療法はアジアで確立されているが、好中球減少症などの毒性に注意が必要である。免疫チェックポイント阻害薬は周術期設定で可能性を示す。病理学的奏効を代替エンドポイントとして使用するにはさらなる検証が必要である。
結論:
- 予後および分子マーカー(臨床病期、病理学的奏効、ctDNA)を用いた術後治療の個別化が重要である。患者選択の最適化と術後療法の必要性/期間の理解が次の重要なステップである。LAGCの周術期戦略を洗練するためには、さらなる研究が必要である。
関連する概念動画
Targeted Cancer Therapies
8.6K
The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
8.6K
Treatment Resistant Cancers
3.7K
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
3.7K
Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists
556
Neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors are distributed across the GI tract, vagal afferents, and key CNS regions including the central vomiting center and chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) Chemotherapy agents stimulate enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to release large amounts of substance P (SP). SP is a neuropeptide released by specific sensory nerves in response to many different stressors, including those in the GI mucosa affected by chemotherapy. SP binds and activates...
556
Cancer Therapies
9.8K
Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
9.8K
Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists
591
5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as dolasetron, granisetron (Kytril), ondansetron (Zofran), and palonosetron (Axoli), are crucial in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea. These drugs selectively block 5-HT3 receptors in the visceral vagal and spinal afferent nerves, chemoreceptor trigger zone, and the vomiting center. They have a rapid onset of action and can be given as a single dose before chemotherapy. Ondansetron and granisetron, in particular,...
591
Cancer Vaccines
945
Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
945


