ゲノム変異予測のための人工知能の活用:進歩、課題、および将来の方向性
Indah Pakpahan1,2,3, Mentari Sihombing1,2,4, Haohan Liu2
1Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116000, China.
GigaScience
|January 10, 2026
まとめ
人工知能(AI)は、疾患研究のための遺伝子変異解釈を進歩させます。このレビューはAIを強調しています
科学分野:
- ゲノム科学とバイオインフォマティクス;計算生物学;医療における人工知能
背景:
- 正確な遺伝子変異解釈は、疾患研究の進歩と標的療法の開発に不可欠です。;従来の変異解釈方法は、複雑なゲノムデータと個別化医療アプローチの必要性という課題に直面しています。
研究 の 目的:
- 遺伝子変異解釈における人工知能(AI)方法論の進化をレビューすること。;変異分類の精度と臨床的有用性を向上させるための重要な課題を特定し、戦略を提案すること。
主な方法:
- 従来のルールベースシステム、統計モデル、および機械学習、深層学習、タンパク質言語モデルを含む現代のAIアプローチのレビュー。;現在のバリアントインパクト予測因子(VIP)とその限界の分析。;データ異質性、解釈可能性、および意義不明なバリアント(VUS)などの課題の評価。
主要な成果:
- 深層学習やタンパク質言語モデルを含むAIは、バリアント解釈にますます統合されています。;データ異質性、モデル解釈可能性、VUSの普及など、重大な課題が残っています。;多様な集団における予測精度を高めるために、説明可能なAIとより包括的なゲノムデータベースが必要です。
結論:
- AIは、遺伝子変異解釈の精度を高めるための強力なツールを提供します。;予測因子の選択、マルチオミクスデータの統合、および最適化されたワークフローの改善のための戦略が提案されています。;強化されたバリアント解釈は、研究および臨床実践における個別化医療の進歩を加速します。
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