幼児における自閉症の特徴と実行機能との関連
Karen García Alday1, Allison Pellegrino2, Susan Faja3
1Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, USA.
Journal of autism and developmental disorders
|January 10, 2026
まとめ
実行機能(EF)は4歳児の自閉症行動と関連があるが、2歳児では関連がない。これは、幼児期におけるEFが自閉症の表現に影響を与える発達上の違いを示唆している。
科学分野:
- 発達心理学
- 神経発達障害
背景:
- 実行機能(EF)は、組織化された思考と行動に不可欠な目標指向型のスキルで構成されています。
- これらのスキルは、就学前の期間中に急速に発達します。
- 早期の自閉症の表現におけるEFの役割を理解することは不可欠です。
研究 の 目的:
- 幼児における実行機能と中核的な自閉症の特徴との関連を調査すること。
- EFパフォーマンスが、幼児および就学前の子供における社会的コミュニケーションと常同行動と相関するかどうかを判断すること。
主な方法:
- 24~60ヶ月の自閉症児110名が参加しました。
- Mullen Scales of Early Learningは、発達と認知を評価しました。
- 親子相互作用のビデオを、BOSCCを使用して社会的コミュニケーションと常同行動について分析しました。
- EFスコアは、一連のテスト(セットシフト、ワーキングメモリ、抑制、遅延)から計算されました。
主要な成果:
- 2歳児では、認知能力を調整した後でも、EFと自閉症行動との間に有意な関連は見られませんでした。 4歳児では、親子相互作用中にEFと全体的な自閉症行動との間に有意な関連が観察されました。
結論:
- これらの発見は、EFと自閉症関連行動との関係における発達上のシフトを示しており、4歳までに現れます。
- これらの関連の方向性と潜在的な変更可能性を明確にするためには、さらなる縦断的および実験的研究が必要です。
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