思春期における摂食障害行動と子宮内膜症のリスク：前向きコホート研究

Disordered eating behaviors may impact the gynecologic health of adolescents through effects on menstrual cycle function and body size; however, few studies have evaluated these associations. This study aimed to prospectively investigate the associations between individual disordered eating behaviors during adolescence, and the risk of subsequent endometriosis diagnosis.

Prospective, longitudinal cohort (1996-2021).

Female participants (n = 11773) from the Growing Up Today Study.

Frequency of binge eating, laxative use, and self-induced vomiting over the past year were self-reported on repeated questionnaires during follow-up.

Physician-diagnosed endometriosis was reported on repeated questionnaires during follow-up. Multivariable logistic regression models with generalized estimating equations were used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Over 25 years of follow-up, we identified 269 incident cases of endometriosis (2.3%), 190 of which were reported as laparoscopically confirmed. A total of 32% of girls reported ever binge eating, 14% reported self-induced vomiting to lose weight, and 9% reported ever using laxatives to lose weight. The odds of laparoscopically-confirmed endometriosis diagnosis was more than three-fold higher (aOR=3.07, 95% CI 1.74, 5.40) for girls who cumulatively reported self-induced vomiting more than monthly during follow-up, compared to girls who never reported self-induced vomiting. A similar effect estimate (aOR=2.41, 95% CI 1.40, 4.12 was noted for girls who reported weekly or more frequent self-induced vomiting at least once during follow-up compared to girls who reported never vomiting. Cumulative exposure to binge eating during follow-up was not associated with diagnosis of laparoscopically-confirmed endometriosis; however, girls who reported a highest ever engagement in binge eating of weekly or more had 52% lower (aOR=0.47, 95% CI 0.25, 0.90) odds of laparoscopically-confirmed endometriosis, compared to girls who reported less than weekly binge eating. Laxative use was not strongly associated with endometriosis diagnosis, although estimates were imprecise.

We observed that females with a greater frequency of self-induced vomiting were more likely to be diagnosed with endometriosis during follow-up, while girls with a history of frequent binge eating had a lower likelihood of endometriosis diagnosis. We found no association between laxative use and endometriosis.