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小児外科における抗菌薬予防投与:多ければ良い、あるいは安全とは限らない
Philip K W Hong1, Rachel Raymond2, Cristina Crippen1
1Department of Surgery, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Rd, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Pediatric surgery international
|January 11, 2026
まとめ
小児外科における適切な抗菌薬の使用は極めて重要である。手術時抗菌薬予防投与(SAP)の過小投与は感染リスクを高める一方、過剰投与は尿路感染症を減少させる可能性があるが、慎重な抗菌薬選択が必要である。
科学分野:
- 小児外科; 感染症疫学; 抗菌薬適正使用
背景:
- 抗菌薬耐性は、公衆衛生上の重大な課題である。; 手術時抗菌薬予防投与(SAP)は、創部感染症(SSI)の予防に不可欠である。; 不適切なSAPの使用は、有害な転帰につながり、耐性の原因となる可能性がある。
研究 の 目的:
- 術後感染症に対する手術時抗菌薬予防投与(SAP)の適切性の影響を評価すること。; 小児外科患者におけるβラクタム系とβラクタム系以外の抗菌薬使用の転帰を比較すること。
主な方法:
- ACS NSQIP Pediatricデータ(2021-2023)の後ろ向きコホート分析。; 除外基準:既存の感染症、悪性腫瘍、免疫不全、緊急手術。; SAPの適切性と術後感染症との関連を評価するためにロジスティック回帰を使用した。
主要な成果:
- SAPの過小投与は、SSI、敗血症、クロストリジウム・ディフィシル大腸炎、尿路感染症(UTI)の発生率増加と関連していた。; SAPの過剰投与は、UTIの発生率低下と関連していた。; βラクタム系以外の抗菌薬は、βラクタム系抗菌薬と比較して肺炎の発生率が高いことが示された。
結論:
- 適切な手術時抗菌薬予防投与(SAP)は、小児外科における術後感染症を最小限に抑えるために極めて重要である。; 抗菌薬の選択は、小児外科患者の転帰管理における重要な要因である。; 患者の安全性と抗菌薬耐性との闘いのために、SAPのガイドラインへの準拠が不可欠である。
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