小児閉塞性睡眠時無呼吸と口呼吸の関連性:システマティックレビュー
Padmanabhan Vaishnavi1, Shan Sushmita1, K Vivek1
1Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Ramachandra Dental College and Hospital, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.
まとめ
口呼吸は小児閉塞性睡眠時無呼吸(P-OSA)と強く関連している。口呼吸の早期特定は、P-OSAの診断と管理を助け、治療成績を向上させることができる。
科学分野:
- 小児睡眠医学
- 呼吸生理学
- 頭蓋顔面発達
背景:
- 睡眠は子供の成長に不可欠であるが、閉塞性睡眠時無呼吸(OSA)のような睡眠障害はそれを妨げる。
- OSAの診断のゴールドスタンダードである終夜睡眠ポリグラフ検査は、アクセスが限られている。
- 口呼吸はP-OSAの目に見える指標であり、頭蓋顔面の成長に影響を与えることでOSAのリスクを増悪させる可能性がある。
研究 の 目的:
- 口呼吸と小児閉塞性睡眠時無呼吸(P-OSA)の関連に関するエビデンスを系統的にレビューし、統合すること。
主な方法:
- 2025年9月までの複数のデータベース(PubMed、EMBASE、Scopusなど)におけるPEOフレームワークを用いた系統的文献検索。
- 厳格なスクリーニングと質評価の後、13件の研究(2件の横断研究、11件のコホート研究)を含めた。
- データ分析はDistiller SRソフトウェアを使用して管理された。
主要な成果:
- ほとんどの研究で、口呼吸とOSAの重症度の間に有意な相関が見られた。
- 口呼吸は、アデノトンシレクトミー後の持続的なP-OSAの潜在的な予測因子として特定された。
- 研究間での診断方法のばらつきが、いくつかの不一致な結果につながった。
結論:
- 口呼吸はP-OSAと密接に関連しており、早期診断のための重要なマーカーとして機能する。
- 口呼吸の認識は、P-OSAの評価と治療効果のモニタリングに不可欠である。
- 医療提供者は、P-OSAの早期指標として口呼吸を評価することに注意を払うべきである。
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