米国の技能を有する看護施設におけるCOVID-19パンデミック後の定員変化
Brian E McGarry1, Andrew D Wilcock2, Ashvin D Gandhi3
1Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, New York.
JAMA internal medicine
|January 12, 2026
まとめ
技能を有する看護施設(SNF)の稼働定員はパンデミック後減少し、人員不足と関連していた。SNFベッドのこの減少は、病院退院に影響を与え、患者の滞在期間と移動距離を増加させた。
科学分野:
- ヘルスケアマネジメント
- 老年医学
- 公衆衛生
背景:
- 技能を有する看護施設(SNF)は、急性期後ケアにとって重要である。
- COVID-19後、SNF定員の減少が報告されており、ケアへのアクセスや病院退院に影響を与えている。
- これらの変化に関する経験的証拠は依然として限られている。
研究 の 目的:
- 2020年以降のSNF定員の変更を定量化すること。
- SNF定員の変更、人員不足、および病院退院の結果との関連性を評価すること。
主な方法:
- 2018年から2024年までのメディケア・メディケイド・サービス給与ベース・ジャーナル・データを用いた横断研究。
- SNF定員の傾向の記述的分析。
- SNF定員、人員不足、および退院結果との関連性を調査するための回帰分析。
主要な成果:
- SNFの稼働定員は2019年から2024年の間に5.0%(認可ベッドは2.5%)減少し、地理的なばらつきが大きかった。
- 定員の減少は、地方部や人員不足が頻繁な郡でより顕著であった。
- SNF定員の減少は、入院期間の延長、入院期間の長期化、患者の移動距離の増大と相関していた。
結論:
- SNFの稼働定員はパンデミック後著しく減少し、認可ベッドの減少を上回り、おそらく人員問題によるものである。
- SNF定員の減少は、急性期後ケアへのアクセスを妨げているように見える。
- これらの発見は、ケアの継続性を確保するためにSNFの人員配置と定員に対処する必要性を強調している。
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