肝性脳症患者におけるラクトロース誘発性高ナトリウム血症
Abhinav K Rao1, Mathew J Gregoski, Ahmed Ibrahim
1Digestive Disease Research Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.
Journal of clinical gastroenterology
|January 12, 2026
まとめ
ラクトロースは、肝性脳症(HE)患者、特に直腸投与において、危険な高ナトリウム血症(HN)を引き起こす可能性があります。この状態は、肝硬変患者の死亡リスクを著しく増加させます。
科学分野:
- 肝臓病学;腎臓病学;臨床薬理学
背景:
- ラクトロースは、肝性脳症(HE)の一般的な浸透圧性下剤です。高ナトリウム血症(HN)は、肝硬変患者におけるラクトロース治療の潜在的な有害事象です。患者の安全のためには、ラクトロース誘発性HNの危険因子と転帰を理解することが不可欠です。
研究 の 目的:
- 肝性脳症(HE)の治療にラクトロースを投与された肝硬変患者における高ナトリウム血症(HN)の発生率と危険因子を調査すること。HNの有無によるHE患者の死亡率を比較すること。HNのリスク増加と関連する特定のラクトロース投与方法を特定すること。
主な方法:
- 2018年1月から2023年12月までのHEを有する肝硬変患者の後ろ向き研究。傾向スコアマッチングを用いて、HNを有するHE患者と有しない患者を比較しました。ラクトロース投与量、投与経路(経口 vs 直腸)、および死亡率や在院日数を含む患者の転帰を分析しました。
主要な成果:
- 106人のHE患者(6%)が、入院中に高ナトリウム血症(HN)を発症しました。直腸ラクトロース投与は、HNの最も強力な独立した予測因子でした(OR=7.12、P<0.001)。高用量(5日間で≥485g)およびHNは、入院死亡率の有意な増加(60% vs 35%、P<0.001)と関連していました。
結論:
- HE患者におけるラクトロース誘発性高ナトリウム血症は、高い死亡率と関連しています。HE患者におけるラクトロースの直腸投与は、重大な安全上の懸念をもたらす可能性があります。HEを有する肝硬変患者におけるラクトロースの使用においては、慎重なモニタリングと用量調整が不可欠です。
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