健康な高齢者および病的認知高齢者における虚偽記憶のメタアナリシス
Sheng-Yin Huan1, Henry Otgaar2, Mark L Howe3
1Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University.
Psychology and aging
|January 12, 2026
まとめ
高齢者は若年成人よりも虚偽記憶が多いことを示しました。健康な加齢およびアルツハイマー病などの認知障害は、記憶エラーに対する感受性を高めます。
科学分野:
- 認知心理学
- 神経科学
- 老年学
背景:
- 真の記憶障害は加齢において確立されていますが、虚偽記憶への影響はあまり理解されていません。
- ファジー・トレース理論や活性化モニタリング理論などの既存の理論は、認知加齢が記憶プロセスに影響を与えることを示唆しています。
- 健康な加齢および病的な加齢における虚偽記憶の定量的分析が不足しています。
研究 の 目的:
- 認知加齢が虚偽記憶に及ぼす影響に関するメタアナリシスを実施すること。
- 若年成人、健康な高齢者、および軽度認知障害またはアルツハイマー病を有する個人の虚偽記憶レベルを比較すること。
- 加齢と虚偽記憶の関係に影響を与えるモデレーターを特定すること。
主な方法:
- 414の独立した効果サイズを含む150の記事のメタアナリシス。
- 年齢層間の自発的および示唆誘発性虚偽記憶の比較。
- 実験材料、保持期間、および参加者の教育などの要因を調査するモデレーター分析。
主要な成果:
- 高齢者は若年成人よりも、自発的および示唆誘発性の虚偽記憶の両方において有意に高いレベルを示しました。
- 軽度認知障害/アルツハイマー病患者は、健康な高齢者よりも自発的な虚偽記憶が高いことを示しました。
- 実験的および参加者の要因(年齢や教育を含む)は、虚偽記憶に対する加齢効果を著しく調整しました。
結論:
- 健康な加齢および病的な加齢の両方における認知加齢は、虚偽記憶に対する感受性を高めます。
- 統合された理論(ファジー・トレースおよび活性化モニタリング)は、加齢に関連する虚偽記憶の違いを説明できます。
- 逐語的な記憶とモニタリングの低下は、エンコーディングの過剰活性化とともに、加齢における虚偽記憶の増加に寄与します。
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