宇宙飛行が人間の脳の変位と非線形変形に及ぼす影響
Tianyi Wang1, Rouglas J Odor1, Yiri E De Dios2
1Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611.
まとめ
宇宙飛行士は宇宙で顕著な脳のシフトと変形を経験し、頭蓋骨内で上方および後方に移動します。微小重力アナログで観察されたこれらの変化は、曝露期間と関連し、飛行後のバランスに影響を与えます。
科学分野:
- 神経科学
- 宇宙医学
- 人体生理学
背景:
- 宇宙飛行は、脳を含む人体内の体液分布を変化させます。
- 以前の研究では脳の位置の平均シフトが指摘されていましたが、詳細な領域の変化は不明でした。
研究 の 目的:
- 宇宙飛行および安静臥床後の脳の領域シフトと変形を定量化すること。
- これらの脳の変化の行動相関を調査すること。
- ヘッドダウンティルト安静臥床アナログと比較して宇宙飛行の影響を比較すること。
主な方法:
- 26人の宇宙飛行士と24人の安静臥床参加者からのMRIデータの分析。
- 頭蓋骨に対する脳の位置変化を測定するための剛体登録。
- 領域変形の定量化と曝露期間および行動との相関。
主要な成果:
- 宇宙飛行/安静臥床後、脳は後方、上方およびピッチ方向に回転して移動しました。これは曝露期間と相関していました。
- 非線形な領域変形と対称的な左右シフトが観察されました。
- 補足運動野は、宇宙での1年後に最大の上方変位(2.52 mm)を示しました。
- 飛行後6か月以内に回復し、後部島皮質のシフトはバランス低下と相関していました。
結論:
- 宇宙飛行は、頭蓋内コンパートメント内で包括的な脳のシフトと変形を引き起こします。
- これらの変化は、ヘッドダウンティルト安静臥床によって部分的に模倣されますが、明確な違いを示します。
- これらの発見は、脳の構造、機能、および行動に対する宇宙飛行の影響を理解するために重要です。
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