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Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Updated: Jan 14, 2026

Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination
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進行性多発性硬化症における免疫療法

Tradite Neziraj1, Ludwig Kappos2, Anne-Katrin Pröbstel3

  • 1Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Departments of Biomedicine and of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.

Handbook of clinical neurology
|January 12, 2026
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

多発性硬化症（MS）は自己免疫性中枢神経系疾患です。再発だけでなく進行が障害を引き起こすため、効果的な治療には根本的な神経変性過程に焦点を当てる必要があります。

キーワード:
B細胞免疫調節炎症多発性硬化症神経変性原発性進行型MS進行

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科学分野:

  • 神経免疫学
  • 神経変性
  • 中枢神経系疾患

背景:

  • 多発性硬化症（MS）は、遺伝的および環境的危険因子を持つ自己免疫性中枢神経系疾患です。
  • 再発性および進行性の経過が知られていますが、疾患進行は現在、MS患者における神経障害の主要な原因として認識されています。
  • MS進行の病態生理の理解は、標的療法の開発に不可欠です。

研究 の 目的:

  • 多発性硬化症における神経障害蓄積における疾患進行の重要な役割を強調すること。
  • MS進行を駆動する主要な病態生理学的過程を定義する必要性を強調すること。
  • 標的免疫調節療法の開発のための知識の進歩の意義を議論すること。

主な方法:

  • 進行性側面に着目したMS病態生理の現在の理解のレビュー。
  • 中枢神経系炎症および神経変性を含む病理学的特徴の分析。
  • MS進行のための進行中の臨床試験デザインおよび評価尺度の検討。

主要な成果:

  • 進行性要素は、すべてのMS臨床経過にわたる神経障害蓄積の主要因です。
  • 病理学的な特徴には、中枢神経系における隔離された炎症および神経変性過程が含まれ、神経軸索およびシナプスの喪失につながります。
  • 病態生理の理解の深化は、進行型MSのための標的免疫調節療法の開発を支持します。

結論:

  • MS進行を駆動する主要な病態生理学的過程を定義することは不可欠です。
  • 新規臨床試験デザインおよび高度な評価尺度は、個別化治療レジメンの機会を提供します。
  • 病態生理の理解の向上に基づき、進行型MSのための標的免疫調節療法が出現しています。