一般外科4.0 - 一般外科における拡張現実介入の体系的レビュー
Mikolaj R Kowal1, Thomas Williams2, Alexios Dosis1
1Leeds Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
Surgical innovation
|January 12, 2026
まとめ
拡張現実(XR)技術は、肝臓手術患者の結果を改善する可能性を示しており、合併症を減らし、患者体験を向上させます。しかし、他の一般外科手術ではまだ利点は見られていません。
科学分野:
- 外科的イノベーションとデジタルヘルスアプリケーション。
背景:
- 手術には重大なリスクが伴い、合併症は患者の16.4%に影響を与え、世界の死亡原因の7.7%を占めています。手術のデジタル化、または「外科4.0」は、拡張現実(XR)を活用して周術期ケアを強化します。
研究 の 目的:
- 一般外科患者の結果を改善するためのXR技術の現在の応用を探求すること。
主な方法:
- 2024年8月にMEDLINE、EMBASE、Cochraneデータベースの体系的な文献検索を実施しました。成人一般外科における術前計画、ナビゲーション、または患者体験のためのXRを含む研究が含まれました。データ合成は、物語的なアプローチを使用して実行されました。
主要な成果:
- 26件の研究、1142人の患者を分析しました。肝切除術が最も多く研究された手技でした(n=11)。XR介入は、肝切除術における入院期間、出血量、手術時間、合併症率を有意に減少させました。XRは患者体験を改善し、不安、痛みを有意に減らし、気分スコアを改善しました(n=5)。手動による画像セグメンテーションが一般的(73%)で、費用がかかり(650ユーロ)、時間がかかりました(3〜6時間)。
結論:
- 初期の証拠は、XRが肝臓手術の結果と患者体験に利益をもたらすことを示唆しています。他の一般外科手技におけるXRの広範な利益はまだ確立されていません。将来の研究では、自動画像セグメンテーションと堅牢なエビデンス生成フレームワークを優先する必要があります。
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