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Excess Pressure Inside a Drop and a Bubble

Excess Pressure Inside a Drop and a Bubble

The shape of a small drop of liquid can be considered spherical, neglecting the effect of gravity. This drop can further be considered as two equal hemispherical drops put together due to surface tension. The forces acting on the spherical drop are due to the pressure of the liquid inside the drop, the pressure due to air outside the drop, and the force due to the surface tension acting on the two hemispherical drops.

Standing Waves in a Cavity

Standing Waves in a Cavity

A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:

Shock Waves

Shock Waves

While deriving the Doppler formula for the observed frequency of a sound wave, it is assumed that the speed of sound in the medium is greater than the source's speed through it. When this condition is breached, a shock wave occurs.
When the source's speed approaches the speed of sound, constructive interference between successive wavefronts emitted by the source occurs immediately behind it. Initially, scientists believed that this constructive interference would result in such high...

Deriving the Speed of Sound in a Liquid

Deriving the Speed of Sound in a Liquid

As with waves on a string, the speed of sound or a mechanical wave in a fluid depends on the fluid's elastic modulus and inertia. The two relevant physical quantities are the bulk modulus and the density of the material. Indeed, it turns out that the relationship between speed and the bulk modulus and density in fluids is the same as that between the speed and the Young's modulus and density in solids.
The speed of sound in fluids can be derived by considering a mechanical wave...

Sound Waves: Interference

Sound Waves: Interference

Sound waves can be modeled either as longitudinal waves, wherein the molecules of the medium oscillate around an equilibrium position, or as pressure waves. When two identical waves from the same source superimpose on each other, the combination of two crests or two troughs results in amplitude reinforcement known as constructive interference. If two identical waves, that are initially in phase, become out of phase because of different path lengths, the combination of crests with troughs...

Sound Waves: Resonance

Sound Waves: Resonance

Resonance is produced depending on the boundary conditions imposed on a wave. Resonance can be produced in a string under tension with symmetrical boundary conditions (i.e., has a node at each end). A node is defined as a fixed point where the string does not move. The symmetrical boundary conditions result in some frequencies resonating and producing standing waves, while other frequencies interfere destructively. Sound waves can resonate in a hollow tube, and the frequencies of the sound...

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Updated: Jan 15, 2026

Induction of Microstreaming by Nonspherical Bubble Oscillations in an Acoustic Levitation System

Induction of Microstreaming by Nonspherical Bubble Oscillations in an Acoustic Levitation System

Published on: May 9, 2021

単一音響駆動泡によるキャビテーションエロージョン

Jaka Mur¹, Vid Agrež¹, Claus-Dieter Ohl²

¹Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 6, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.

Ultrasonics sonochemistry

|January 13, 2026

まとめ

この要約は機械生成です。

この研究は、精密な表面エロージョン研究のために単一音響キャビテーション泡を制御する方法を実証します。光学的に泡に種をまくことにより、研究者は衝撃波エネルギーとアルミニウムのような材料に生じる損傷パターンを分析できます。

キーワード:

キャビテーションエロージョン音響駆動泡衝撃波表面損傷アルミニウム

さらに関連する動画

Activating Molecules, Ions, and Solid Particles with Acoustic Cavitation

Activating Molecules, Ions, and Solid Particles with Acoustic Cavitation

Published on: April 11, 2014

A Microfluidic System with Surface Patterning for Investigating Cavitation Bubble(s)–Cell Interaction and the Resultant Bioeffects at the Single-cell Level

A Microfluidic System with Surface Patterning for Investigating Cavitation Bubble(s)–Cell Interaction and the Resultant Bioeffects at the Single-cell Level

Published on: January 10, 2017

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jan 15, 2026

Induction of Microstreaming by Nonspherical Bubble Oscillations in an Acoustic Levitation System

Induction of Microstreaming by Nonspherical Bubble Oscillations in an Acoustic Levitation System

Published on: May 9, 2021

Activating Molecules, Ions, and Solid Particles with Acoustic Cavitation

Activating Molecules, Ions, and Solid Particles with Acoustic Cavitation

Published on: April 11, 2014

A Microfluidic System with Surface Patterning for Investigating Cavitation Bubble(s)–Cell Interaction and the Resultant Bioeffects at the Single-cell Level

A Microfluidic System with Surface Patterning for Investigating Cavitation Bubble(s)–Cell Interaction and the Resultant Bioeffects at the Single-cell Level

Published on: January 10, 2017

科学分野:

物理学
材料科学
音響学

背景:

音響キャビテーションには泡の雲が関与しており、侵食予測を複雑にしています。
単一のキャビテーション泡を研究することで、音響キャビテーション効果の制御された洞察が得られます。

研究の目的:

単一音響キャビテーション泡によって引き起こされる表面侵食を調査すること。
制御可能で再現性のある音響キャビテーション泡の生成と分析の方法を開発すること。

主な方法:

光学種まきと音響駆動を使用して、固体表面の近くで単一の音響キャビテーション泡を生成しました。
超高速カメラとハイドロフォンを使用して、泡の崩壊ダイナミクス（衝撃波エネルギー、位置）を定量化しました。
共焦点レーザー表面走査を使用してアルミニウム表面の侵食パターンを分析しました。

主要な成果:

複数の膨張・収縮サイクルを経て、雲の形成前に再現可能な単一泡の挙動を達成しました。
個々の泡の崩壊からの衝撃波エネルギーと位置を定量化しました。
泡の崩壊イベントとアルミニウム表面の特定の侵食パターンとの相関関係を調べました。

結論:

制御された単一音響キャビテーション泡は、表面侵食を研究する方法を提供します。
この技術により、時間的および空間的に閉じ込められた泡によって誘発される損傷の正確な分析が可能になります。
この研究は、キャビテーション侵食メカニズムの理解を深めます。