南極越冬中の覚醒および睡眠における自律神経調節
C Tortello1, A Folgueira2, B Cauda3
1Chronophysiology Lab, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), Catholic University of Argentina (UCA) and National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Scientific reports
|January 13, 2026
まとめ
人間の生理機能は南極の孤立に適応し、長期間の閉じ込めと極夜の間、自律神経系の調節に変化が生じます。これらの発見は、極限環境におけるストレス管理の鍵となります。
科学分野:
- ヒト生理学
- 極限環境への適応
- 自律神経系
背景:
- 孤立・閉じ込め・極限環境は、心理生理学的に大きな課題をもたらします。
- これまでの研究では自律神経系の反応への影響が示唆されていますが、睡眠覚醒サイクルと概日リズムの適応については不明なままです。
研究 の 目的:
- 長期間の孤立と極夜が自律神経系の活動に及ぼす影響を評価すること。
- 南極越冬条件下での人間の生理学的適応を理解すること。
主な方法:
- ベルグラノII世アルゼンチン南極基地での1年間のキャンペーンを通じて行われた観察的、縦断的研究。
- 13人の乗組員を対象に2ヶ月ごとに心拍変動(心臓自律神経調節)を測定。
- 自律神経調節パターンを分析するために24時間記録を解析しました。
主要な成果:
- 長期間の孤立により、覚醒時の副交感神経調節は減少し、睡眠時の副交感神経調節は増加しました。
- 極夜の間、睡眠中の副交感神経活動は減少し、季節的な影響を示唆しました。
- 1年を通して自律神経系の活動に有意な変化が観察されました。
結論:
- 長期間の孤立と極夜は、人間の自律神経調節に大きく影響します。
- 副交感神経活動における明確な季節的影響が特定されました。
- これらの発見は、極限環境におけるストレス関連の健康問題に対する対策の開発にとって極めて重要です。
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