成人鼻腔マイクロバイオームの組成と動態
Cindy M Liu1, Lise Tornvig Erikstrup2, Sofie M Edslev3
1Antibiotic Resistance Action Center, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA. cindyliu@gwu.edu.
Microbiome
|January 14, 2026
まとめ
鼻腔マイクロバイオームには、安定性と病原体の有無が異なる9つの明確なコミュニティ状態(CST)が存在する。これらの鼻腔マイクロバイオームの動態を調節することは、病原体の定着を減らし健康を改善するための戦略を提供する可能性がある。
科学分野:
- 微生物学
- ヒトマイクロバイオーム研究
- 免疫学
背景:
- 共生菌と病原体からなる鼻腔マイクロバイオームは、人間の健康維持に重要な役割を果たしている。
- 鼻腔微生物動態の理解は、標的を絞った健康介入の開発に不可欠である。
研究 の 目的:
- 大規模な成人コホートにおける鼻腔コミュニティ状態タイプ(CST)を特徴づけること。
- 鼻腔微生物コミュニティの安定性、遷移パターン、および影響要因を調査すること。
- 潜在的な微生物相互作用と病原体定着に影響を与える宿主因子を特定すること。
主な方法:
- 1,608人の成人を対象とした横断的分析と、149人を8〜22ヶ月にわたって縦断的にサンプリング。
- 細菌密度と指標分類群に基づいた9つの鼻腔コミュニティ状態タイプ(CST)の同定。
- コア分類群の安定性、病原体の滞在時間、および種間相互作用の分析。
主要な成果:
- 9つの異なる鼻腔コミュニティ状態タイプ(CST)が、様々な安定性と遷移ダイナミクスで同定された。
- コア共生菌である黄色ブドウ球菌は安定していたが、黄色ブドウ球菌のような病原体は滞在時間が短かった。
- ドロシグランルム・ピグルムとコリネバクテリウム種間の相互作用は、黄色ブドウ球菌の定着減少と相関していた。
- 男性は細菌密度と病原体定着が高かったが、女性はより安定した共生菌CSTを持っていた。
- 加齢はS. aureusの減少とEnterobacteralesの増加につながった。
結論:
- 鼻腔マイクロバイオームの動態は、年齢や性別などの宿主因子によって影響を受け、健康調節の機会を提供する。
- 鼻腔マイクロバイオームの組成と安定性を標的とすることは、病原体定着を減らす戦略となり得る。
- マイクロバイオーム調節に関するさらなる研究は、鼻腔の健康と疾患予防のための改善された戦略につながる可能性がある。
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