バイオ炭の施用と窒素肥料の削減による窒素利用効率の向上と葉圏微生物群集の再形成
Min Zhu1, Kexin Huang1, Xuao Wang1
1College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry
|January 14, 2026
まとめ
窒素肥料を削減しバイオ炭を添加することで、桑(Broussonetia papyrifera)の成長、飼料品質、土壌の健康が大幅に向上します。この持続可能なアプローチは、窒素利用効率(NUE)と有益な土壌微生物を改善します。
科学分野:
- 農業科学
- 土壌科学
- 微生物学
背景:
- 桑(Broussonetia papyrifera)は、価値の高い高タンパク質飼料作物です。
- 従来の窒素施肥は、桑の窒素利用効率(NUE)の低さにつながります。
- 作物収量とNUEを改善するためには、持続可能な施肥戦略が必要です。
研究 の 目的:
- バイオ炭と窒素肥料の削減を併用することの効果を評価すること。
- 植物生理、飼料品質、土壌特性、葉圏微生物群集への影響を評価すること。
- 桑の生産のための最適な持続可能な施肥戦略を特定すること。
主な方法:
- バイオ炭と窒素肥料削減処理を評価する圃場実験。
- 植物生理パラメータと飼料品質の分析。
- 土壌特性分析と葉圏微生物群集の16S rRNA遺伝子配列解析。
主要な成果:
- 中程度のバイオ炭施用は、桑の成長、飼料品質、土壌の健康を大幅に改善しました。
- バイオ炭と15%削減した窒素を併用することで、植物のパフォーマンスを損なうことなくNUEが改善されました。
- バイオ炭処理は、ジアゾ栄養細菌の存在量を増加させ、病原体を抑制し、葉圏の微生物ネットワークの複雑性を高めました。
結論:
- バイオ炭と15%削減した窒素を併用することは、桑の栽培のための持続可能な戦略です。
- このアプローチは、NUE、植物のパフォーマンス、および土壌特性を改善します。
- バイオ炭の施用は、葉圏微生物群集を効果的に再形成し、植物の健康を促進します。
関連する概念動画
Environmental Applications of Microorganisms
948
Microorganisms play a pivotal role in maintaining ecosystem balance by recycling essential elements such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, as well as supporting processes like bioremediation, wastewater treatment, and biofuel production.Microbes in Elemental CyclesIn the carbon cycle, microorganisms decompose organic matter, releasing carbon dioxide via aerobic respiration. This carbon dioxide is subsequently used by photosynthetic organisms to synthesize organic compounds, closing the...
948
The Roles of Bacteria and Fungi in Plant Nutrition
46.6K
Plants have the impressive ability to create their own food through photosynthesis. However, plants often require assistance from organisms in the soil to acquire the nutrients they need to function correctly. Both bacteria and fungi have evolved symbiotic relationships with plants that help the species to thrive in a wide variety of environments.
46.6K
Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism
11.0K
Nitrogen is a very important element for life because it is a major constituent of proteins and nucleic acids. It is a macronutrient, and in nature, it is recycled from organic compounds and stored in the form of ammonia, ammonium ions, nitrate, nitrite, or nitrogen gas by many metabolic processes. Many of these metabolic processes are carried out only by prokaryotes.
The largest pool of nitrogen available in the terrestrial ecosystem is gaseous nitrogen (N2) from the air, but this...
The largest pool of nitrogen available in the terrestrial ecosystem is gaseous nitrogen (N2) from the air, but this...
11.0K
Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation
457
Nitrogen is an essential element in biological systems, forming a crucial component of proteins, nucleic acids, and other cellular constituents. Many bacteria and archaea acquire nitrogen in the form of nitrate (NO₃⁻) or ammonia (NH₃), which are then assimilated into biomolecules through specific enzymatic pathways.Assimilatory Nitrate ReductionWhen nitrate enters the cell, it undergoes a two-step reduction process known as assimilatory nitrate reduction. Initially, the enzyme...
457
Metabolism of Chemolithotrophs
760
Chemolithotrophs are microorganisms that obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic molecules such as hydrogen gas (H₂), ammonia (NH₃), reduced sulfur compounds (H₂S, S²⁻), and ferrous iron (Fe²⁺). Unlike heterotrophic organisms that rely on organic carbon, chemolithotrophs transfer electrons from these inorganic donors to the electron transport chain (ETC), generating a proton motive force (PMF) that drives ATP synthesis through oxidative phosphorylation.
760
The Nitrogen Cycle
59.4K
Nitrogen atoms, present in all proteins and DNA, are recycled between abiotic and biotic components of the ecosystem. However, the primary form of nitrogen on Earth is nitrogen gas, which cannot be used by most animals and plants. Thus, nitrogen gas must first be converted into a usable form by nitrogen-fixing bacteria before it can be cycled through other living organisms. The use of nitrogen-containing fertilizers and animal waste products in human agriculture has greatly influenced the...
59.4K


