ICU患者における眼表面障害:エビデンスに基づいた看護予防戦略
1Nursing Department, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang Key Laboratory for Clinical Nursing Research, Weifang, People's Republic of China.
Translational vision science & technology
|January 14, 2026
まとめ
集中治療室(ICU)患者における眼表面障害の予防は極めて重要である。多峰性の看護介入は角膜損傷を大幅に減らし、受動的なまばたきのような単純な対策も効果的であることが証明されている。
科学分野:
- クリティカルケア医学; 眼科学; 看護科学
背景:
- 眼表面障害は集中治療室(ICU)患者に蔓延している。危険因子には、人工呼吸、不完全なまぶた閉鎖、および長期鎮静が含まれる。
研究 の 目的:
- ICU患者における眼表面障害の疫学をレビューする。危険因子を特定し、予防のための看護介入を評価する。
主な方法:
- PRISMAガイドラインに準拠した系統的レビュー。ICU患者における眼表面障害に関する研究を6つのデータベース(2020年1月~2025年5月)で検索した。研究間の異質性のため、 narrativa synthesis を実施し、バイアスのリスクはROBINS-IおよびCochraneツールを使用して評価した。
主要な成果:
- 眼表面障害の発生率は20~60%で、ドライアイ(40%)、露出性角膜症(23%)、結膜炎(25%)であった。多峰性の看護介入により、角膜損傷は69.7%から13.8%に減少した。受動的なまばたき運動は、リソースの少ない環境でも有効性と実現可能性を示した。
結論:
- ICU患者における眼表面障害は、標準化されたケア、眼の保護、潤滑、およびスタッフのトレーニングによって予防可能である。眼のケアを日常業務に統合することで、患者の安全性と視覚的転帰が向上する。受動的なまばたきのような単純な介入は、実用的で価値がある。
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