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関連する概念動画

Streamlines, Streaklines, and Pathlines01:18

Streamlines, Streaklines, and Pathlines

1.9K
A streamline represents the trajectory that is always tangent to the fluid's velocity vector at any given point. The velocity of a fluid particle is always directed along the streamline, ensuring the particle continuously follows the streamline's path. Streamlines are particularly useful for visualizing the overall direction of flow in a fluid system, and they provide an instantaneous representation of the flow's velocity field. In steady flow, where conditions do not change over...
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Angular Momentum: Single Particle01:10

Angular Momentum: Single Particle

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Angular momentum is directed perpendicular to the plane of the rotation, and its magnitude depends on the choice of the origin. The perpendicular vector joining the linear momentum vector of an object to the origin is called the “lever arm.” If the lever arm and linear momentum are collinear, then the magnitude of the angular momentum is zero. Therefore, in this case, the object rotates about the origin such that it lies on the rim of the circumference defined by the lever arm...
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Curvilinear Motion: Polar Coordinates01:27

Curvilinear Motion: Polar Coordinates

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In polar coordinates, the motion of a particle follows a curvilinear path. The radial coordinate symbolized as 'r,' extends outward from a fixed origin to the particle, while the angular coordinate, 'θ,' measured in radians, represents the counterclockwise angle between a fixed reference line and the radial line connecting the origin to the particle.
The particle's location is described using a unit vector along the radial direction. Deriving the particle's position...
841
Velocity Potential01:20

Velocity Potential

695
In steady, incompressible flow through a long, straight pipe with a uniform cross-section, the flow in the central region (far from the pipe walls) is irrotational. This irrotational nature means that fluid particles do not rotate around their axes, and a scalar function called the velocity potential, represented by ϕ, can be used to describe their movement. In irrotational flows, the velocity field V is defined as the gradient of the velocity potential:
695
Angular Velocity and Displacement01:08

Angular Velocity and Displacement

22.4K
Uniform circular motion is motion in a circle at a constant speed. Although this is the simplest case of rotational motion, it is very useful for many situations and is used to introduce rotational variables. When a particle is moving in a circle, the coordinate system is fixed and serves as a frame of reference to define the particle’s position. Its position vector from the origin of the circle to the particle sweeps out the angle θ, which increases in the counterclockwise direction...
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Steady Flow of a Fluid Stream01:27

Steady Flow of a Fluid Stream

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Consider a control volume, such as a pipe with solid boundaries, through which fluid flows and changes direction due to the impulse exerted by the resulting force from the pipe walls. In steady flow, the mass of fluid entering the control volume at a given time, t, with velocity v1, is equal to the mass leaving after infinitesimal time dt, with velocity v2.
During this process, the momentum of the fluid within the control volume remains constant over the time interval dt. By applying the...
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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Three-dimensional Particle Tracking Velocimetry for Turbulence Applications: Case of a Jet Flow
13:02

Three-dimensional Particle Tracking Velocimetry for Turbulence Applications: Case of a Jet Flow

Published on: February 27, 2016

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水中の個々の粒子の後方散乱ストークスベクトル角度パターン

Weida Xu, Jiawei Li, Yan Chen

    Optics letters
    |January 15, 2026
    PubMed
    まとめ

    本研究では、粒子の後方散乱ストークスベクトル角度パターン（BSAP）を測定する新しい方法を提示します。この進歩は、海洋カラーリモートセンシングおよびライダーアプリケーションの改善に不可欠です。

    科学分野:

    • 光学物理学
    • 海洋光学
    • リモートセンシング

    背景:

    • 正確な粒子角度分布は、海洋カラーリモートセンシングおよびライダーの生物光学モデルにとって不可欠です。
    • 特に180°付近の広い角度範囲にわたる偏光後方散乱の同時取得は、技術的な課題のままです。

    研究 の 目的:

    • 水中の個々の粒子の後方散乱ストークスベクトル角度パターン（BSAP）を取得する方法を開発し、実証すること。
    • BSAP測定とシミュレーションによる検証を用いて微細藻類の特性を特徴づけること。

    主な方法:

    • BSAPを測定するために、共焦点光学システムを利用した概念的なセットアップが採用されました。
    • 測定は、112°から179.5°までの散乱角度を高い角度分解能でカバーしました。
    • ミー理論と離散双極子近似（DDA）シミュレーションをキャリブレーションと分析に使用しました。

    主要な成果:

    • 個々の粒子の後方散乱角度パターン（BSAP）、特に180°付近の後方散乱を測定することに成功しました。
    • ミクロ球とミー理論を用いたキャリブレーションにより、測定システムを検証しました。
    • 4種類の微細藻類のBSAPを測定し、サイズ、形状、配向の影響を受けた詳細な物理的特性を明らかにしました。
    キーワード:
    海洋光学リモートセンシングライダー粒子後方散乱ストークスベクトル角度パターン偏光微細藻類ミクロ球ミー理論離散双極子近似

    さらに関連する動画

    Experimental Investigation of Secondary Flow Structures Downstream of a Model Type IV Stent Failure in a 180&#176; Curved Artery Test Section
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    Experimental Investigation of Secondary Flow Structures Downstream of a Model Type IV Stent Failure in a 180° Curved Artery Test Section

    Published on: July 19, 2016

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    High-speed Particle Image Velocimetry Near Surfaces
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    High-speed Particle Image Velocimetry Near Surfaces

    Published on: June 24, 2013

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    関連する実験動画

    Last Updated: Jan 17, 2026

    Three-dimensional Particle Tracking Velocimetry for Turbulence Applications: Case of a Jet Flow
    13:02

    Three-dimensional Particle Tracking Velocimetry for Turbulence Applications: Case of a Jet Flow

    Published on: February 27, 2016

    12.9K
    Experimental Investigation of Secondary Flow Structures Downstream of a Model Type IV Stent Failure in a 180&#176; Curved Artery Test Section
    11:00

    Experimental Investigation of Secondary Flow Structures Downstream of a Model Type IV Stent Failure in a 180° Curved Artery Test Section

    Published on: July 19, 2016

    12.0K
    High-speed Particle Image Velocimetry Near Surfaces
    11:59

    High-speed Particle Image Velocimetry Near Surfaces

    Published on: June 24, 2013

    33.8K

    結論:

    • 開発された方法は、BSAP測定による粒子光学特性の詳細な特徴付けを可能にします。
    • BSAPの理解は、生物光学モデルの改良とリモートセンシング技術の強化に不可欠です。
    • DDAシミュレーションは、粒子形態がBSAPに与える影響を効果的に説明します。