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Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment01:08

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment

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Hepatic impairment, characterized by decreased liver function, does not uniformly mandate adjustments in drug dosage. Whether dosage modifications are necessary depends on various factors related to the drug's metabolism and elimination pathways. If a drug is primarily excreted via the kidneys and bypasses significant hepatic processing, if it undergoes minimal metabolic transformation in the liver, or if it is volatile and primarily expelled through the lungs, dose adjustments may not be...
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Chronic liver disease significantly impacts drug metabolism due to alterations in hepatic blood flow and enzyme accessibility. This disruption affects the body's pharmacokinetics—the movement and processing of drugs within the system. Key enzymes crucial for metabolizing medications become less accessible, changing how drugs are processed and utilized. Furthermore, liver disease influences the synthesis of plasma proteins, such as albumin and globulins, which play critical roles in drug...
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Alcohols from Carbonyl Compounds: Reduction02:23

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Reduction is a simple strategy to convert a carbonyl group to a hydroxyl group. The three major pathways to reduce carbonyls to alcohols are catalytic hydrogenation, hydride reduction, and borane reduction.
Catalytic hydrogenation is similar to the reduction of an alkene or alkyne by adding H2 across the pi bond in the presence of transition metal catalysts like Raney Ni, Pd–C, Pt, or Ru. Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced by this method, often under mild to moderate heat (25–100°C) and...
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Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...
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Ethanol, a clear colorless alcohol, has been consumed by humans for millennia, but its effects on the body are far from benign. At lower doses, it induces decreased inhibitions and loquaciousness, leading to its social appeal. However, it can cause severe consequences at higher doses, such as coma and respiratory depression, due to its zero-order elimination kinetics. Chronic ethanol abuse wreaks havoc on multiple organ systems, particularly the CNS and the liver. Abrupt cessation of ethanol...
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C型肝炎患者におけるアルコール使用の削減

A Giannopoulos1, J C Elliott1, N Viscaino1

  • 1Molloy University1000 Hempstead Avenue, Rockville CentreNY11570.

Substance use & misuse
|January 16, 2026
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

心理社会的介入は、慢性C型肝炎ウイルス（HCV）およびHIV/HCV併感染患者のアルコール摂取量を効果的に削減します。これらの介入は、禁酒率とアルコール治療への参加を改善し、全体的な健康に利益をもたらします。

キーワード:
アルコール介入HIV/HCV併感染C型肝炎薬物使用

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科学分野:

  • 肝臓病学
  • 感染症
  • 依存症医学

背景:

  • 大量のアルコール摂取は、慢性C型肝炎ウイルス（HCV）感染患者にとって重大なリスクをもたらす。
  • ヒト免疫不全ウイルス（HIV）とHCVの併感染は、これらのリスクを悪化させ、重度の肝障害や死亡につながる可能性がある。
  • これらの集団は、アルコール使用管理に関して、歴史的に臨床的な注意が不十分であった。

研究 の 目的:

  • 慢性HCV感染患者におけるアルコール介入に関する既存の文献を系統的にレビューし、統合すること。
  • HIV/HCV併感染患者集団に合わせた介入を特に検討すること。
  • このトピックに関する以前のレビューを拡張し、更新すること。

主な方法:

  • 関連研究を特定するために、包括的な文献検索を実施した。
  • 包含された研究は、飲酒量削減介入の有効性を評価した。
  • 研究は、慢性HCV患者集団およびHIV/HCV併感染患者集団に焦点を当てた。

主要な成果:

  • 7件の研究が包含基準を満たした：HCV対象が4件、HIV/HCV併感染対象が3件。
  • 参加者は介入に対して有意な肯定的な反応を示した。
  • 主要な結果には、禁酒率の増加、アルコール摂取量の減少、飲酒日数の減少、治療エンゲージメントの向上などが含まれた。

結論:

  • 心理社会的介入は、慢性HCVおよびHIV/HCV併感染患者のアルコール使用を削減する上で有望である。
  • アルコール摂取量の削減を成功させることは、患者の健康に肯定的な影響を与える重要な行動変容である。
  • これらの脆弱な集団に対するさらなる研究と臨床的注意が必要である。