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関連する概念動画

Metabolism of Chemolithotrophs01:15

Metabolism of Chemolithotrophs

790
Chemolithotrophs are microorganisms that obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic molecules such as hydrogen gas (H₂), ammonia (NH₃), reduced sulfur compounds (H₂S, S²⁻), and ferrous iron (Fe²⁺). Unlike heterotrophic organisms that rely on organic carbon, chemolithotrophs transfer electrons from these inorganic donors to the electron transport chain (ETC), generating a proton motive force (PMF) that drives ATP synthesis through oxidative phosphorylation.
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Plane Potential Flows01:23

Plane Potential Flows

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Plane potential flows simplify fluid motion by assuming the fluid to be irrotational and incompressible. These characteristics allow these flows to be described by a velocity potential function, ϕ, representing the flow speed in a given direction, and a stream function, ψ, that visualizes the flow path, both governed by Laplace's equation. These parameters help in estimating flow patterns, velocity distributions, and pressure fields around various hydraulic structures.
Uniform...
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The Nitrogen Cycle01:49

The Nitrogen Cycle

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Nitrogen atoms, present in all proteins and DNA, are recycled between abiotic and biotic components of the ecosystem. However, the primary form of nitrogen on Earth is nitrogen gas, which cannot be used by most animals and plants. Thus, nitrogen gas must first be converted into a usable form by nitrogen-fixing bacteria before it can be cycled through other living organisms. The use of nitrogen-containing fertilizers and animal waste products in human agriculture has greatly influenced the...
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Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation01:22

Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation

482
Nitrogen is an essential element in biological systems, forming a crucial component of proteins, nucleic acids, and other cellular constituents. Many bacteria and archaea acquire nitrogen in the form of nitrate (NO₃⁻) or ammonia (NH₃), which are then assimilated into biomolecules through specific enzymatic pathways.Assimilatory Nitrate ReductionWhen nitrate enters the cell, it undergoes a two-step reduction process known as assimilatory nitrate reduction. Initially, the enzyme...
482
Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism01:20

Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism

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Nitrogen is a very important element for life because it is a major constituent of proteins and nucleic acids. It is a macronutrient, and in nature, it is recycled from organic compounds and stored in the form of  ammonia, ammonium ions, nitrate, nitrite, or  nitrogen gas by many metabolic processes. Many of these metabolic processes are carried out only by prokaryotes.
The largest pool of nitrogen available in the terrestrial ecosystem is gaseous nitrogen (N2) from the air, but this...
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Primary Production01:06

Primary Production

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The total amount of energy acquired by primary producers in an ecosystem is called gross primary production (GPP). However, of this energy, producers use some for metabolic processes, and some is lost as heat, decreasing the amount of energy available to the next trophic level. The remaining usable amount of energy is called the net primary productivity (NPP). In terrestrial ecosystems, NPP is driven by climate, while light penetration and nutrient availability drive NPP in aquatic ecosystems.
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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jan 18, 2026

Measurement of the Potential Rates of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium Based on 14NH4+/15NH4+ Analyses via Sequential Conversion to N2O
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水流駆動型ストリーミング電位発生に伴う非生物的脱窒

Shaofu Huang1, Man Chen2, Youming Diao2

  • 1Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Industrial Green Technology, College of Ecology and Resources Engineering, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China.

Environmental science & technology
|January 16, 2026
PubMed
まとめ

多孔質媒体中の水流がストリーミング電位を発生させ、非生物的脱窒を駆動します。本研究は、水酸化を介した新規の化学物質フリー硝酸塩還元経路を明らかにし、新たな修復戦略を提供します。

キーワード:
NO3−汚染非生物的脱窒接触帯電水素ラジカルストリーミング電位

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Estimating Sediment Denitrification Rates Using Cores and N2O Microsensors
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Estimating Sediment Denitrification Rates Using Cores and N2O Microsensors

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Understanding Dissolved Organic Matter Biogeochemistry Through In Situ Nutrient Manipulations in Stream Ecosystems
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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jan 18, 2026

Measurement of the Potential Rates of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium Based on 14NH4+/15NH4+ Analyses via Sequential Conversion to N2O
08:05

Measurement of the Potential Rates of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium Based on 14NH4+/15NH4+ Analyses via Sequential Conversion to N2O

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Estimating Sediment Denitrification Rates Using Cores and N2O Microsensors
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Estimating Sediment Denitrification Rates Using Cores and N2O Microsensors

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Understanding Dissolved Organic Matter Biogeochemistry Through In Situ Nutrient Manipulations in Stream Ecosystems
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Understanding Dissolved Organic Matter Biogeochemistry Through In Situ Nutrient Manipulations in Stream Ecosystems

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科学分野:

  • 地球物理学;環境化学;生物地球化学

背景:

  • 多孔質媒体中の水流によるストリーミング電位は、既知の地球物理学的現象です。;以前は、これらの電位は酸化還元反応を伴わない電荷再分布と考えられていました。;本研究では、ストリーミング電位に関連する酸化還元反応の可能性を調査します。

研究 の 目的:

  • 水流がストリーミング電位発生を介して非生物的脱窒を駆動することを示すこと。;このプロセスのメカニズムを解明し、その速度を定量化すること。;硝酸塩修復の可能性を探求すること。

主な方法:

  • モデル反応として硝酸塩（NO3-）還元を利用しました。;窒素生成物を監視し、15NO3-同位体実験を実施しました。;DMPOを用いた電子常磁性共鳴（ESR）分光法により水素ラジカル（H•）を検出しました。;TEMPOを用いた電子生成と、H218O同位体実験による水酸化を測定しました。;表面増強ラマン散乱を用いて電場強度を定量化しました。

主要な成果:

  • 硝酸塩還元率10.6 μmol·L-1·d-1を達成し、一部の化学的方法に匹敵しました。;硝酸塩の窒素への99%の選択的還元により、脱窒を確認しました。;還元力として水素ラジカル、電子源として水酸化を特定しました。;電子移動を駆動する強い界面電場（IEF）約10^6 V/cmを観測しました。;化学物質フリーの硝酸塩還元プロセスを実証しました。

結論:

  • 水流駆動型ストリーミング電位は、非生物的酸化還元反応、特に脱窒を誘発することができます。;これは新たに同定された非生物的硝酸塩除去経路を表します。;本研究結果は、新規の化学物質フリー硝酸塩修復戦略の可能性を示唆しています。