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Physical Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth: Radiation and Filtration01:26

Physical Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth: Radiation and Filtration

Radiation and filtration are essential tools for microbial control, targeting microorganisms through distinct mechanisms. Radiation eliminates microbes by damaging their DNA, either killing them or inhibiting their growth. Based on wavelength, radiation is classified into two types: nonionizing and ionizing radiation.Non-ionizing radiation, such as UV radiation (200–400 nm), is absorbed by DNA, causing defects that effectively disinfect surfaces, air, and water, including safety cabinets.
Biological Methods for Microbial Control01:28

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Biological agents offer an effective means of controlling microbial growth by leveraging natural processes like predation, competition, and the secretion of antimicrobial substances.Predatory bacteria such as Bdellovibrio species target and kill pathogens like Salmonella and E. coli. They are widely used in poultry farms to control infections. Myxococcus species help combat plant-pathogenic fungi. These naturally occurring predators serve as eco-friendly alternatives to chemical pesticides and...
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Microorganisms play a critical role in the transformation and immobilization of uranium in contaminated environments through four main pathways: bioreduction, biosorption, bioaccumulation, and biomineralization. These mechanisms reduce uranium’s toxicity and prevent its migration through groundwater systems, offering sustainable approaches for in situ bioremediation.Bioreduction of UraniumBioreduction is driven by anaerobic bacteria such as certain strains of Geobacter and Shewanella, which use...
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Bioremediation is an environmentally sustainable process that employs living organisms—primarily microorganisms—to degrade or neutralize pollutants from contaminated environments. In oil spills and hydrocarbon pollution, bioremediation involves the use of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria to transform toxic compounds into less harmful substances. This approach leverages natural microbial metabolic processes and is considered both cost-effective and ecologically favorable compared to physical or...
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Pesticides often feature structurally complex chemical architectures, incorporating halogen groups and multiple aromatic rings. These characteristics confer high chemical stability, rendering many pesticides resistant to natural degradation processes. This resistance poses significant environmental concerns, as persistent pesticide residues can accumulate in ecosystems and affect non-target organisms.Despite the inherent stability of many pesticides, certain microorganisms possess the metabolic...
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Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) is a significant form of material degradation caused by the metabolic activities of microorganisms. This phenomenon poses substantial challenges across various industries, including oil and gas, maritime, and water treatment sectors.MIC occurs when microorganisms, such as bacteria, archaea, and fungi, colonize metal surfaces, forming biofilms that alter the local electrochemical environment. These biofilms can lead to the production of corrosive...

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機能化銀ナノ粒子による効率的な水銀除去と藻類に対する毒性低減

Arianna Bellingeri1, Andrea Calantropio1, Iole Venditti2

  • 1Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.

Nanotoxicology
|January 18, 2026
PubMed
まとめ

銀ナノ粒子（AgNPcitLcys）は、水中の水銀（Hg）を効果的に除去し、水生生物に対する毒性が低いことを示しています。海洋環境では効率的でしたが、淡水でのHg除去は効果が低いものの、毒性は低減されました。

キーワード:
ナノシルバー水生生物生態毒性水銀除去

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科学分野:

  • 環境科学
  • ナノテクノロジー
  • 生態毒性学

背景:

  • 水銀（Hg）は、残留性、生物蓄積性、および非常に毒性の高い重金属汚染物質です。
  • ナノテクノロジーは、水からの重金属除去に効率的で費用対効果が高く、再利用可能なソリューションを提供します。
  • シトラートおよびL-システインで機能化された銀ナノ粒子（AgNPcitLcys）は、生態毒性を最小限に抑えてHg除去のために設計されています。

研究 の 目的:

  • AgNPcitLcysの水中Hg除去効率を評価すること。
  • 淡水（Raphidocelis subcapitata）および海洋（Dunaliella tertiolecta）微細藻類を用いたAgNPcitLcysの生態毒性を評価すること。
  • 異なる水生媒体におけるHg除去効率と毒性低減を決定すること。

主な方法:

  • シトラートおよびL-システインで機能化された銀ナノ粒子（AgNPcitLcys）の合成と特性評価。
  • Raphidocelis subcapitataおよびDunaliella tertiolectaをAgNPcitLcysおよびHg汚染水に曝露すること。
  • Hg除去率の測定と微細藻類の成長阻害の評価。

主要な成果:

  • AgNPcitLcysは、両方の微細藻類種に対して低い生態毒性を示し、10 mg/LでD. tertiolectaの成長を40%阻害しました。
  • Hg除去効率は、淡水（63.07%）と比較して海洋水（99.26%）で有意に高かった。
  • AgNPcitLcysは、海洋水中のD. tertiolectaのHg毒性を成功裏に低減しましたが、淡水ではそうではありませんでした。

結論:

  • AgNPcitLcysは、海洋水からのHg除去において高い効率を示し、実世界の応用への可能性を示しています。
  • ナノ粒子は生態毒性が低いため、水銀汚染を軽減するための有望なツールとなります。
  • 淡水システムにおけるHg除去の最適化と、長期的な生態毒性影響の完全な理解には、さらなる研究が必要です。