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Updated: Jan 20, 2026

DNA Electrophoresis Using Thiazole Orange Instead of Ethidium Bromide or Alternative Dyes

DNA Electrophoresis Using Thiazole Orange Instead of Ethidium Bromide or Alternative Dyes

Published on: March 31, 2019

セチルピリジニウムブロミド一水和物：水素原子の局在化

Kina Muller¹, Eric Cyriel Hosten¹, Richard Betz¹

¹Nelson Mandela University, Summerstrand Campus, Department of Chemistry, University Way, Summerstrand, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa.

|January 19, 2026

Abstract:

The title compound, C₂₁H₃₈N⁺·Br^-·H₂O, is the bromide salt of a quarternary pyridinium cation bearing a hexa-decyl chain on the nitro-gen atom. One mol-ecule of solvent water is present in the asymmetric unit. Classical hydrogen bonds of the O-H⋯Br type are observed next to C-H⋯Br and C-H⋯O contacts that connect the entities of the title compound to sheets parallel to the ab plane.

キーワード:

C—H⋯Br接触 C—H⋯O接触結晶構造

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Atomic Structure: Protons, Neutrons and Electrons

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Atomic Structure

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Atoms — and the protons, neutrons, and electrons that compose them — are extremely small. For example, a carbon atom weighs less than 2 × 10−23 g. When describing the properties of tiny objects such as atoms, we use appropriately small units of measure, such as the atomic mass unit (amu). The amu was originally defined based on hydrogen, the lightest element, then later in terms of oxygen. Since 1961, it has been defined with regard to the most abundant isotope of carbon, atoms of which...

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DNA Electrophoresis Using Thiazole Orange Instead of Ethidium Bromide or Alternative Dyes

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Here, we present a protocol to use thiazole orange for the detection of DNA in gel electrophoresis experiments. The use of thiazole orange allows elimination of ethidium bromide, and fluorescence detection can be achieved with either UV or blue...

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The mathematical expression known as the wave function, ψ, contains information about each orbital and the wavelike properties of electrons in an isolated atom. When atoms are bound together in a molecule, the wave functions combine to produce new mathematical descriptions that have different shapes. This process of combining the wave functions for atomic orbitals is called hybridization and is mathematically accomplished by the linear combination of atomic orbitals. The new orbitals that...

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