多発性硬化症に対する作業療法
Daphne Kos1,2, Ashley Boers1, Ciara O'Meara3
1KU Leuven, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Research Group for Neurorehabilitation, Leuven, Belgium.
The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
|January 20, 2026
まとめ
作業療法(OT)は、多発性硬化症(MS)患者の日常生活動作および精神的健康関連QOLを向上させる可能性がある。しかし、長期的な影響および身体的QOLに関するエビデンスは不確実であり、有害事象の報告はない。
科学分野:
- 神経学
- リハビリテーション医学
- 作業療法
背景:
- MSは日常生活動作に影響を与え、作業療法(OT)は主要な支援として認識されている。
- MS患者に対するOTの正確な利点をさらに明確にする必要がある。
研究 の 目的:
- MS患者の日常生活動作、参加、およびQOLを改善するためのOT介入の有益性と有害性を体系的に評価すること。
- 介入後、中期、および長期のフォローアップ時点でのアウトカムを評価すること。
主な方法:
- 2024年11月まで、7つの電子データベース、グレー文献、および臨床試験登録簿を包括的に検索した。
- MS成人に対するOTを、介入なし、通常ケア、または積極的対照と比較したランダム化および非ランダム化比較試験を含めた。
- ランダム効果モデルを用いたメタアナリシスおよびナラティブ合成を採用し、エビデンスの確実性を評価するためにGRADEを使用した。
主要な成果:
- 介入後の日常生活動作に対する小〜中程度の効果、通常ケアと比較した場合の潜在的な中期的効果。
- 介入後および中期における精神的健康関連QOL(HR-QoL)の小規模な改善が認められた。
- 長期的な影響、身体的HR-QoL、参加、および有害事象に関するエビデンスは限定的または非常に不確実である。
結論:
- 作業療法は、特に短期から中期において、MS患者の日常生活動作および精神的HR-QoLを改善する可能性を示す。
- 長期的なアウトカムおよび身体的HR-QoLに関するエビデンス基盤は現在限定的であり、慎重な解釈が必要である。
- MS管理におけるOTの有効性を確定的に結論付けるためには、質の高い将来の研究が必要である。
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