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Exceptions to the Octet Rule02:55

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Many covalent molecules have central atoms that do not have eight electrons in their Lewis structures. These molecules fall into three categories:
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Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
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NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

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Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
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スピン対形成破壊誘起例外的事象的超伝導

Soma Takemori1, Kazuki Yamamoto1, Akihisa Koga1

  • 1Institute of Science Tokyo, Department of Physics, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.

Physical review letters
|January 20, 2026
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

非エルミート系におけるスピン対形成破壊は、例外的事象的フェルミオン超伝導を安定化させる。このユニークな相は、以前のモデルとは異なり、超伝導状態内に例外的事象点（EP）を特徴とする。

キーワード:
非エルミート系フェルミオン超伝導スピン対形成破壊例外的事象点トポロジカル相

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科学分野:

  • 物性物理学
  • 量子力学
  • トポロジカル物理学

背景:

  • 非エルミート（NH）系は、エルミート系には見られないユニークな現象を示す。
  • フェルミオン超伝導は、物性物理学における重要な状態である。
  • スピン分解非対称ホッピングは、非相反性を導入する。

研究 の 目的:

  • スピン対形成破壊を伴う非エルミート引力型ハバード模型の調査。
  • スピン対形成破壊によって安定化された新しい超伝導状態の特性評価。
  • この非エルミート超伝導における例外的事象点（EP）の役割の理解。

主な方法:

  • 非エルミート引力型ハバード模型の理論的解析。
  • スピン分解非対称ホッピングの検討。
  • 複素エネルギー分散と状態密度の解析。
  • EPとシステム特性との相互作用の調査。

主要な成果:

  • スピン対形成破壊は、ユニークな非エルミート超伝導状態を安定化させる。
  • この「例外的事象的フェルミオン超伝導」は、超伝導相内のEPによって特徴づけられる。
  • EPは、EPと実効状態密度との相互作用から生じる。
  • 超伝導状態は、立方格子上では強いスピン対形成破壊により崩壊するが、正方格子上では頑健である。

結論:

  • スピン対形成破壊は、非エルミート系に新しいトポロジカル超伝導状態を作り出す。
  • 例外的事象点は、境界だけでなく超伝導相に不可欠である。
  • 格子形状は、この例外的事象的超伝導状態の頑健性に影響を与える。