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Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Experimental Methods for Investigation of Shape Memory Based Elastocaloric Cooling Processes and Model Validation

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多様性における高次プロセスの多様なパターン形成

Yikang Lu^1,2, Rong Fan¹, Yali Zhang¹

¹Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, School of Statistics and Mathematics, Kunming, Yunnan 650221, China.

Physical review. E

|January 21, 2026

Abstract:

Higher-order dynamics are essential for maintaining species diversity in ecological systems. In this paper, we examine how intraspecific competition affects interspecific interactions within spatially embedded hyperlattice frameworks. We thoroughly analyze their impact on conserving biodiversity by including higher-order competitive processes. Extensive numerical simulations show that increased higher-order competition significantly boosts biodiversity, even with higher mobility. The snapshot analyses further identify four distinct spatial patterns resulting from species interactions: regular pattern formation, two-species dominance, spiral wave structures, and single-species dominance. These results emphasize the key role of higher-order competitive interactions in shaping and stabilizing ecological diversity.

キーワード:

高次競争種の多様性生態学的空間パターン生物多様性生態学的相互作用競争

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